Motivational mechanisms and outcome expectancies underlying the approach bias towards addictive substances
Human behavior can be paradoxical, in that actions can be initiated that are seemingly incongruent with an individual’s explicit desires. This is most commonly observed in drug addiction, where maladaptive behavior (i.e. drug seeking) appears to be compulsive, continuing at great personal cost. Appr...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2012-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00440/full |
| _version_ | 1819170010822606848 |
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| author | Poppy eWatson Poppy eWatson Sanne eDe Wit Sanne eDe Wit Bernhard eHommel Bernhard eHommel Reinout W. Wiers Reinout W. Wiers |
| author_facet | Poppy eWatson Poppy eWatson Sanne eDe Wit Sanne eDe Wit Bernhard eHommel Bernhard eHommel Reinout W. Wiers Reinout W. Wiers |
| author_sort | Poppy eWatson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human behavior can be paradoxical, in that actions can be initiated that are seemingly incongruent with an individual’s explicit desires. This is most commonly observed in drug addiction, where maladaptive behavior (i.e. drug seeking) appears to be compulsive, continuing at great personal cost. Approach biases towards addictive substances have been correlated with actual drug-use in a number of studies, suggesting that this measure can, in some cases, index everyday maladaptive tendencies. At present it is unclear whether this bias to drug cues is a Pavlovian conditioned approach response, a habitual response, the result of a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer process or a goal-directed action in the sense that expectancy of the rewarding effects of drugs controls approach. We consider this question by combining the theoretical framework of associative learning with the available evidence from approach bias research. Although research investigating the relative contributions of these mechanisms to the approach bias is to date relatively limited, we review existing studies and also outline avenues for future research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T19:28:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea74fa1359874e85aa6889ad2152c090 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T19:28:36Z |
| publishDate | 2012-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea74fa1359874e85aa6889ad2152c0902022-12-21T18:15:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782012-10-01310.3389/fpsyg.2012.0044031588Motivational mechanisms and outcome expectancies underlying the approach bias towards addictive substancesPoppy eWatson0Poppy eWatson1Sanne eDe Wit2Sanne eDe Wit3Bernhard eHommel4Bernhard eHommel5Reinout W. Wiers6Reinout W. Wiers7University of AmsterdamUniversity of AmsterdamUniversity of AmsterdamUniversity of AmsterdamLeiden University, Cognitive Psychology UnitLeiden Institute for Brain and CognitionUniversity of AmsterdamUniversity of AmsterdamHuman behavior can be paradoxical, in that actions can be initiated that are seemingly incongruent with an individual’s explicit desires. This is most commonly observed in drug addiction, where maladaptive behavior (i.e. drug seeking) appears to be compulsive, continuing at great personal cost. Approach biases towards addictive substances have been correlated with actual drug-use in a number of studies, suggesting that this measure can, in some cases, index everyday maladaptive tendencies. At present it is unclear whether this bias to drug cues is a Pavlovian conditioned approach response, a habitual response, the result of a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer process or a goal-directed action in the sense that expectancy of the rewarding effects of drugs controls approach. We consider this question by combining the theoretical framework of associative learning with the available evidence from approach bias research. Although research investigating the relative contributions of these mechanisms to the approach bias is to date relatively limited, we review existing studies and also outline avenues for future research.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00440/fullMotivationAddictionassociative learninggoal-directed actionapproachhabit |
| spellingShingle | Poppy eWatson Poppy eWatson Sanne eDe Wit Sanne eDe Wit Bernhard eHommel Bernhard eHommel Reinout W. Wiers Reinout W. Wiers Motivational mechanisms and outcome expectancies underlying the approach bias towards addictive substances Frontiers in Psychology Motivation Addiction associative learning goal-directed action approach habit |
| title | Motivational mechanisms and outcome expectancies underlying the approach bias towards addictive substances |
| title_full | Motivational mechanisms and outcome expectancies underlying the approach bias towards addictive substances |
| title_fullStr | Motivational mechanisms and outcome expectancies underlying the approach bias towards addictive substances |
| title_full_unstemmed | Motivational mechanisms and outcome expectancies underlying the approach bias towards addictive substances |
| title_short | Motivational mechanisms and outcome expectancies underlying the approach bias towards addictive substances |
| title_sort | motivational mechanisms and outcome expectancies underlying the approach bias towards addictive substances |
| topic | Motivation Addiction associative learning goal-directed action approach habit |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00440/full |
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