The mechanisms of hyphal pellet formation mediated by polysaccharides, α-1,3-glucan and galactosaminogalactan, in Aspergillus species
Abstract Filamentous fungi are widely used for production of enzymes and chemicals, and are industrially cultivated both in liquid and solid cultures. Submerged culture is often used as liquid culture for filamentous fungi. In submerged culture, filamentous fungi show diverse macromorphology such as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Fungal Biology and Biotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40694-020-00101-4 |
| _version_ | 1819105870297956352 |
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| author | Ken Miyazawa Akira Yoshimi Keietsu Abe |
| author_facet | Ken Miyazawa Akira Yoshimi Keietsu Abe |
| author_sort | Ken Miyazawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Filamentous fungi are widely used for production of enzymes and chemicals, and are industrially cultivated both in liquid and solid cultures. Submerged culture is often used as liquid culture for filamentous fungi. In submerged culture, filamentous fungi show diverse macromorphology such as hyphal pellets and dispersed hyphae depending on culture conditions and genetic backgrounds of fungal strains. Although the macromorphology greatly affects the productivity of submerged cultures, the specific cellular components needed for hyphal aggregation after conidial germination have not been characterized. Recently we reported that the primary cell wall polysaccharide α-1,3-glucan and the extracellular polysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG) contribute to hyphal aggregation in Aspergillus oryzae, and that a strain deficient in both α-1,3-glucan and GAG shows dispersed hyphae in liquid culture. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the contribution of chemical properties of α-1,3-glucan and GAG to hyphal aggregation. Various ascomycetes and basidiomycetes have α-1,3-glucan synthase gene(s). In addition, some Pezizomycotina fungi, including species used in the fermentation industry, also have GAG biosynthetic genes. We also review here the known mechanisms of biosynthesis of α-1,3-glucan and GAG. Regulation of the biosynthesis of the two polysaccharides could be a potential way of controlling formation of hyphal pellets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T02:29:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea7dd06f6cbb4b6292bb375775f66919 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-3085 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T02:29:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fungal Biology and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea7dd06f6cbb4b6292bb375775f669192022-12-21T18:41:55ZengBMCFungal Biology and Biotechnology2054-30852020-07-017111310.1186/s40694-020-00101-4The mechanisms of hyphal pellet formation mediated by polysaccharides, α-1,3-glucan and galactosaminogalactan, in Aspergillus speciesKen Miyazawa0Akira Yoshimi1Keietsu Abe2Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversityLaboratory of Environmental Interface Technology of Filamentous Fungi, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityLaboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversityAbstract Filamentous fungi are widely used for production of enzymes and chemicals, and are industrially cultivated both in liquid and solid cultures. Submerged culture is often used as liquid culture for filamentous fungi. In submerged culture, filamentous fungi show diverse macromorphology such as hyphal pellets and dispersed hyphae depending on culture conditions and genetic backgrounds of fungal strains. Although the macromorphology greatly affects the productivity of submerged cultures, the specific cellular components needed for hyphal aggregation after conidial germination have not been characterized. Recently we reported that the primary cell wall polysaccharide α-1,3-glucan and the extracellular polysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG) contribute to hyphal aggregation in Aspergillus oryzae, and that a strain deficient in both α-1,3-glucan and GAG shows dispersed hyphae in liquid culture. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the contribution of chemical properties of α-1,3-glucan and GAG to hyphal aggregation. Various ascomycetes and basidiomycetes have α-1,3-glucan synthase gene(s). In addition, some Pezizomycotina fungi, including species used in the fermentation industry, also have GAG biosynthetic genes. We also review here the known mechanisms of biosynthesis of α-1,3-glucan and GAG. Regulation of the biosynthesis of the two polysaccharides could be a potential way of controlling formation of hyphal pellets.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40694-020-00101-4Hyphal aggregationFilamentous fungiCell wallα-1,3-GlucanGalactosaminogalactan |
| spellingShingle | Ken Miyazawa Akira Yoshimi Keietsu Abe The mechanisms of hyphal pellet formation mediated by polysaccharides, α-1,3-glucan and galactosaminogalactan, in Aspergillus species Fungal Biology and Biotechnology Hyphal aggregation Filamentous fungi Cell wall α-1,3-Glucan Galactosaminogalactan |
| title | The mechanisms of hyphal pellet formation mediated by polysaccharides, α-1,3-glucan and galactosaminogalactan, in Aspergillus species |
| title_full | The mechanisms of hyphal pellet formation mediated by polysaccharides, α-1,3-glucan and galactosaminogalactan, in Aspergillus species |
| title_fullStr | The mechanisms of hyphal pellet formation mediated by polysaccharides, α-1,3-glucan and galactosaminogalactan, in Aspergillus species |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mechanisms of hyphal pellet formation mediated by polysaccharides, α-1,3-glucan and galactosaminogalactan, in Aspergillus species |
| title_short | The mechanisms of hyphal pellet formation mediated by polysaccharides, α-1,3-glucan and galactosaminogalactan, in Aspergillus species |
| title_sort | mechanisms of hyphal pellet formation mediated by polysaccharides α 1 3 glucan and galactosaminogalactan in aspergillus species |
| topic | Hyphal aggregation Filamentous fungi Cell wall α-1,3-Glucan Galactosaminogalactan |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40694-020-00101-4 |
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