Distinct microbiotas of anatomical gut regions display idiosyncratic seasonal variation in an avian folivore
Abstract Background Current knowledge about seasonal variation in the gut microbiota of vertebrates is limited to a few studies based on mammalian fecal samples. Seasonal changes in the microbiotas of functionally distinct gut regions remain unexplored. We investigated seasonal variation (summer ver...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Animal Microbiome |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42523-019-0002-6 |
| _version_ | 1818265581724368896 |
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| author | Sergei V. Drovetski Michael J. V. O’Mahoney Kenan O. Matterson Brian K. Schmidt Gary R. Graves |
| author_facet | Sergei V. Drovetski Michael J. V. O’Mahoney Kenan O. Matterson Brian K. Schmidt Gary R. Graves |
| author_sort | Sergei V. Drovetski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Current knowledge about seasonal variation in the gut microbiota of vertebrates is limited to a few studies based on mammalian fecal samples. Seasonal changes in the microbiotas of functionally distinct gut regions remain unexplored. We investigated seasonal variation (summer versus winter) and regionalization of the microbiotas of the crop, ventriculus, duodenum, cecum, and colon of the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), an avian folivore specialized on the toxic foliage of sagebrush (Artemesia spp.) in western North America. Results We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene on an Illumina MiSeq and obtained 6,639,051 sequences with a median of 50,232 per sample. These sequences were assigned to 457 bacterial and 4 archaeal OTUs. Firmicutes (53.0%), Bacteroidetes (15.2%), Actinobacteria (10.7%), and Proteobacteria (10.1%)were the most abundant and diverse phyla. Microbial composition and richness showed significant differences among gut regions and between summer and winter. Gut region explained almost an order of magnitude more variance in our dataset than did season or the gut region × season interaction. The effect of season was uneven among gut regions. Microbiotas of the crop and cecum showed the greatest seasonal differences. Conclusions Our data suggest that seasonal differences in gut microbiota reflect seasonal variation in the microbial communities associated with food and water. Strong differentiation and uneven seasonal changes in the composition and richness of the microbiota among functionally distinct gut regions demonstrate the necessity of wider anatomical sampling for studies of composition and dynamics of the gut microbiota. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:53:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea8f03c5f68b419481f853d279836ef2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2524-4671 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:53:05Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Microbiome |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea8f03c5f68b419481f853d279836ef22022-12-22T00:13:57ZengBMCAnimal Microbiome2524-46712019-02-011111110.1186/s42523-019-0002-6Distinct microbiotas of anatomical gut regions display idiosyncratic seasonal variation in an avian folivoreSergei V. Drovetski0Michael J. V. O’Mahoney1Kenan O. Matterson2Brian K. Schmidt3Gary R. Graves4Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionLaboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionDepartment of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionDepartment of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionAbstract Background Current knowledge about seasonal variation in the gut microbiota of vertebrates is limited to a few studies based on mammalian fecal samples. Seasonal changes in the microbiotas of functionally distinct gut regions remain unexplored. We investigated seasonal variation (summer versus winter) and regionalization of the microbiotas of the crop, ventriculus, duodenum, cecum, and colon of the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), an avian folivore specialized on the toxic foliage of sagebrush (Artemesia spp.) in western North America. Results We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene on an Illumina MiSeq and obtained 6,639,051 sequences with a median of 50,232 per sample. These sequences were assigned to 457 bacterial and 4 archaeal OTUs. Firmicutes (53.0%), Bacteroidetes (15.2%), Actinobacteria (10.7%), and Proteobacteria (10.1%)were the most abundant and diverse phyla. Microbial composition and richness showed significant differences among gut regions and between summer and winter. Gut region explained almost an order of magnitude more variance in our dataset than did season or the gut region × season interaction. The effect of season was uneven among gut regions. Microbiotas of the crop and cecum showed the greatest seasonal differences. Conclusions Our data suggest that seasonal differences in gut microbiota reflect seasonal variation in the microbial communities associated with food and water. Strong differentiation and uneven seasonal changes in the composition and richness of the microbiota among functionally distinct gut regions demonstrate the necessity of wider anatomical sampling for studies of composition and dynamics of the gut microbiota.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42523-019-0002-6Gut microbiotaGut regionsSeasonal variationSage-grouseCentrocercus urophasianus |
| spellingShingle | Sergei V. Drovetski Michael J. V. O’Mahoney Kenan O. Matterson Brian K. Schmidt Gary R. Graves Distinct microbiotas of anatomical gut regions display idiosyncratic seasonal variation in an avian folivore Animal Microbiome Gut microbiota Gut regions Seasonal variation Sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus |
| title | Distinct microbiotas of anatomical gut regions display idiosyncratic seasonal variation in an avian folivore |
| title_full | Distinct microbiotas of anatomical gut regions display idiosyncratic seasonal variation in an avian folivore |
| title_fullStr | Distinct microbiotas of anatomical gut regions display idiosyncratic seasonal variation in an avian folivore |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinct microbiotas of anatomical gut regions display idiosyncratic seasonal variation in an avian folivore |
| title_short | Distinct microbiotas of anatomical gut regions display idiosyncratic seasonal variation in an avian folivore |
| title_sort | distinct microbiotas of anatomical gut regions display idiosyncratic seasonal variation in an avian folivore |
| topic | Gut microbiota Gut regions Seasonal variation Sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42523-019-0002-6 |
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