Influence of Cellulase or <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> on the Ensiling Performance and Bacterial Community in Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and <i>Leymus chinensis</i>
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> or cellulase on the fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of mixed alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L., AF) and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> (LC) silage. The h...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/426 |
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| author | Qiang Si Zhijun Wang Wei Liu Mingjian Liu Gentu Ge Yushan Jia Shuai Du |
| author_facet | Qiang Si Zhijun Wang Wei Liu Mingjian Liu Gentu Ge Yushan Jia Shuai Du |
| author_sort | Qiang Si |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> or cellulase on the fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of mixed alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L., AF) and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> (LC) silage. The harvested alfalfa and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> were cut into 1–2 cm lengths by a crop chopper and they were thoroughly mixed at a ratio of 3/2 (wet weight). The mixtures were treated with no addition (CON), <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (LP, 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cfu/g fresh material), cellulase (CE, 7.5 × 10<sup>2</sup> U/kg fresh material) and their combination (LPCE). The forages were packed into triplicate vacuum-sealed, polyethylene bags per treatment and ensiled for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 30 d at room temperature (17–25 °C). Compared to the CON groups, all the additives increased the lactic acid content and decreased the pH and ammonia nitrogen content over the ensiling period. In comparison to the other groups, higher water-soluble carbohydrate contents were discovered in the CE-inoculated silages. Compared to the CON groups, the treatment with LPCE retained the crude protein content and reduced the acid detergent fiber content. The principal coordinate analysis based on the unweighted UniFrac distance showed that individuals in the AF, LC, CON and LPCE treatment could be significantly separated from each other. At the genus level, the bacterial community in the mixed silage involves a shift from <i>Cyanobacteria_unclassified</i> to <i>Lactobacillus</i>. <i>Lactobacillus</i> dominated in all the treatments until the end of the silage, but when added with <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,</i> it was more effective in inhibiting undesirable microorganisms, such as <i>Enterobacter</i>, while reducing microbial diversity. By changing the bacterial community structure after applying <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> and cellulase, the mixed silages quality could be further improved. During ensiling, the metabolism of the nucleotide and carbohydrate were enhanced whereas the metabolism of the amino acid, energy, cofactors and vitamins were hindered. In conclusion, the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> in the mixed silage increased with the addition of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> and cellulase, which also improved the fermentation quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:23:39Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:23:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ea915591910b47ebb6c13103f915f68b2023-11-16T22:15:41ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-02-0111242610.3390/microorganisms11020426Influence of Cellulase or <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> on the Ensiling Performance and Bacterial Community in Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and <i>Leymus chinensis</i>Qiang Si0Zhijun Wang1Wei Liu2Mingjian Liu3Gentu Ge4Yushan Jia5Shuai Du6Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010019, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010019, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010019, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010019, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010019, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010019, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010019, ChinaThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> or cellulase on the fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of mixed alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L., AF) and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> (LC) silage. The harvested alfalfa and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> were cut into 1–2 cm lengths by a crop chopper and they were thoroughly mixed at a ratio of 3/2 (wet weight). The mixtures were treated with no addition (CON), <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (LP, 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cfu/g fresh material), cellulase (CE, 7.5 × 10<sup>2</sup> U/kg fresh material) and their combination (LPCE). The forages were packed into triplicate vacuum-sealed, polyethylene bags per treatment and ensiled for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 30 d at room temperature (17–25 °C). Compared to the CON groups, all the additives increased the lactic acid content and decreased the pH and ammonia nitrogen content over the ensiling period. In comparison to the other groups, higher water-soluble carbohydrate contents were discovered in the CE-inoculated silages. Compared to the CON groups, the treatment with LPCE retained the crude protein content and reduced the acid detergent fiber content. The principal coordinate analysis based on the unweighted UniFrac distance showed that individuals in the AF, LC, CON and LPCE treatment could be significantly separated from each other. At the genus level, the bacterial community in the mixed silage involves a shift from <i>Cyanobacteria_unclassified</i> to <i>Lactobacillus</i>. <i>Lactobacillus</i> dominated in all the treatments until the end of the silage, but when added with <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,</i> it was more effective in inhibiting undesirable microorganisms, such as <i>Enterobacter</i>, while reducing microbial diversity. By changing the bacterial community structure after applying <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> and cellulase, the mixed silages quality could be further improved. During ensiling, the metabolism of the nucleotide and carbohydrate were enhanced whereas the metabolism of the amino acid, energy, cofactors and vitamins were hindered. In conclusion, the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> in the mixed silage increased with the addition of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> and cellulase, which also improved the fermentation quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/426<i>Leymus chinensis</i><i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>cellulasefermentationmicrobial communitymixed silages |
| spellingShingle | Qiang Si Zhijun Wang Wei Liu Mingjian Liu Gentu Ge Yushan Jia Shuai Du Influence of Cellulase or <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> on the Ensiling Performance and Bacterial Community in Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> Microorganisms <i>Leymus chinensis</i> <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> cellulase fermentation microbial community mixed silages |
| title | Influence of Cellulase or <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> on the Ensiling Performance and Bacterial Community in Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> |
| title_full | Influence of Cellulase or <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> on the Ensiling Performance and Bacterial Community in Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Cellulase or <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> on the Ensiling Performance and Bacterial Community in Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Cellulase or <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> on the Ensiling Performance and Bacterial Community in Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> |
| title_short | Influence of Cellulase or <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> on the Ensiling Performance and Bacterial Community in Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> |
| title_sort | influence of cellulase or i lactiplantibacillus plantarum i on the ensiling performance and bacterial community in mixed silage of alfalfa and i leymus chinensis i |
| topic | <i>Leymus chinensis</i> <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> cellulase fermentation microbial community mixed silages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/426 |
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