Erythropoietin between therapy and doping : Two sides of the same coin
Erythropoietin is a hormone that promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow. In adults it is mainly produced by the kidneys as a response to hypoxia. Besides its main role, it also acts as antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agent. Furthermore, it is produced in man...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
University of Belgrade, Medical Faculty
2016-01-01
|
| Series: | Medicinski Podmladak |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0369-1527/2016/0369-15271602043O.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811239739886403584 |
|---|---|
| author | Ostojić Ana Trbojević-Stanković Jasna Nešić Dejan |
| author_facet | Ostojić Ana Trbojević-Stanković Jasna Nešić Dejan |
| author_sort | Ostojić Ana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Erythropoietin is a hormone that promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow. In adults it is mainly produced by the kidneys as a response to hypoxia. Besides its main role, it also acts as antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agent. Furthermore, it is produced in many non-hematopoietic tissues where it acts locally, stimulating angiogenesis. Erythropoietin binds cytokine receptors on target cells, such as erythrocyte precursor cells, neurons, glial and endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, myocytes etc. The discovery of synthetic erythropoietin forms, in the late eighties of the last century, has significantly improved treatment outcome of patients with anaemia related to chronic diseases, especially chronic renal failure. Renal anaemia is multifactorial, but predominantly a consequence of erythropoietin deficiency. Today, three generations of erythropoiesis stimulating agents are available, differing in glycosylation pattern, molecular size, half-life and modes of administration and dosage. In anaemic patients this therapy significantly improves their quality of life, but may also have serious, potentially dangerous adverse effects. Synthesis of recombinant human erythropoietin, on the other hand, has improved possibilities for manipulations in sport, in the field of blood doping. Erythropoietin administration in athletes increases their maximum oxygen consumption capacity, improves endurance and performance, especially in aerobic exercise. This seriously undermines the spirit of sport, and also endangers athletes' health. Different anti-doping tests have been developed and used, still with limited success. At the same time, new illicit ways of malpractice are developing, such as variuos models of gene doping. Therefore, providing new models of anti-doping tests and strategies, together with better health control of athletes, still remains a considerable challenge. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:06:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea954bd531fd4cbdbac50bca43f56930 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0369-1527 2466-5525 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:06:27Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | University of Belgrade, Medical Faculty |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicinski Podmladak |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea954bd531fd4cbdbac50bca43f569302022-12-22T03:32:01ZengUniversity of Belgrade, Medical FacultyMedicinski Podmladak0369-15272466-55252016-01-01672434710.5937/medpodm1602043O0369-15271602043OErythropoietin between therapy and doping : Two sides of the same coinOstojić Ana0Trbojević-Stanković Jasna1Nešić Dejan2University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine - Clinical Hospital Center 'dr Dragiša Mišović', Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia + Institute of Medical Physiology 'Richard Burian'Erythropoietin is a hormone that promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow. In adults it is mainly produced by the kidneys as a response to hypoxia. Besides its main role, it also acts as antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agent. Furthermore, it is produced in many non-hematopoietic tissues where it acts locally, stimulating angiogenesis. Erythropoietin binds cytokine receptors on target cells, such as erythrocyte precursor cells, neurons, glial and endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, myocytes etc. The discovery of synthetic erythropoietin forms, in the late eighties of the last century, has significantly improved treatment outcome of patients with anaemia related to chronic diseases, especially chronic renal failure. Renal anaemia is multifactorial, but predominantly a consequence of erythropoietin deficiency. Today, three generations of erythropoiesis stimulating agents are available, differing in glycosylation pattern, molecular size, half-life and modes of administration and dosage. In anaemic patients this therapy significantly improves their quality of life, but may also have serious, potentially dangerous adverse effects. Synthesis of recombinant human erythropoietin, on the other hand, has improved possibilities for manipulations in sport, in the field of blood doping. Erythropoietin administration in athletes increases their maximum oxygen consumption capacity, improves endurance and performance, especially in aerobic exercise. This seriously undermines the spirit of sport, and also endangers athletes' health. Different anti-doping tests have been developed and used, still with limited success. At the same time, new illicit ways of malpractice are developing, such as variuos models of gene doping. Therefore, providing new models of anti-doping tests and strategies, together with better health control of athletes, still remains a considerable challenge.http://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0369-1527/2016/0369-15271602043O.pdferythropoietinerythropoiesisanaemiaathletesdoping |
| spellingShingle | Ostojić Ana Trbojević-Stanković Jasna Nešić Dejan Erythropoietin between therapy and doping : Two sides of the same coin Medicinski Podmladak erythropoietin erythropoiesis anaemia athletes doping |
| title | Erythropoietin between therapy and doping : Two sides of the same coin |
| title_full | Erythropoietin between therapy and doping : Two sides of the same coin |
| title_fullStr | Erythropoietin between therapy and doping : Two sides of the same coin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Erythropoietin between therapy and doping : Two sides of the same coin |
| title_short | Erythropoietin between therapy and doping : Two sides of the same coin |
| title_sort | erythropoietin between therapy and doping two sides of the same coin |
| topic | erythropoietin erythropoiesis anaemia athletes doping |
| url | http://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0369-1527/2016/0369-15271602043O.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ostojicana erythropoietinbetweentherapyanddopingtwosidesofthesamecoin AT trbojevicstankovicjasna erythropoietinbetweentherapyanddopingtwosidesofthesamecoin AT nesicdejan erythropoietinbetweentherapyanddopingtwosidesofthesamecoin |