Mechanical Properties and Metallurgical Features of New Green NiTi Reciprocating Instruments
To evaluate the properties of two nickel–titanium (NiTi) reciprocating endodontic instruments (commercially known as Procodile and Reziflow), a total of 40 size 25 and 0.06 taper new Procodile and Reziflow instruments (<i>n</i> = 20) were subjected to cyclic fatigue tests (60° angle of c...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3736 |
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| author | Luigi Generali Anastasiya Malovo Giovanni Bolelli Alessia Borghi Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa Pietro Puddu Luca Lusvarghi Alberto Rota Ugo Consolo Eugenio Pedullà |
| author_facet | Luigi Generali Anastasiya Malovo Giovanni Bolelli Alessia Borghi Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa Pietro Puddu Luca Lusvarghi Alberto Rota Ugo Consolo Eugenio Pedullà |
| author_sort | Luigi Generali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To evaluate the properties of two nickel–titanium (NiTi) reciprocating endodontic instruments (commercially known as Procodile and Reziflow), a total of 40 size 25 and 0.06 taper new Procodile and Reziflow instruments (<i>n</i> = 20) were subjected to cyclic fatigue tests (60° angle of curvature, 5-mm radius) at 20 °C and 37 °C and a torsional test based on ISO 3630-1. The fracture surface of each fragment was examined. The morphological, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and phase composition characteristics of the files were investigated by field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector, focused ion beam analysis (FIB), micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Reziflow showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance than Procodile at 37 °C (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The maximum torsional strength of Procodile was lower than that of Reziflow (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No difference was found between their angular rotations to fracture (<i>p</i> > 0.05). SEM, FIB, Micro-Raman, and AES analyses revealed the presence of an Nb/Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> coating on the Procodile surface. DSC and XRD analysis confirmed that both files consist of an almost austenitic phase structure at 37 °C. The cyclic fatigue resistance of Procodile and Reziflow significantly decreases upon exposure to body temperature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:55:26Z |
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| id | doaj.art-ea9c615afed64226a5cf1afc58f281b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:55:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea9c615afed64226a5cf1afc58f281b12023-11-20T11:11:17ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-08-011317373610.3390/ma13173736Mechanical Properties and Metallurgical Features of New Green NiTi Reciprocating InstrumentsLuigi Generali0Anastasiya Malovo1Giovanni Bolelli2Alessia Borghi3Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa4Pietro Puddu5Luca Lusvarghi6Alberto Rota7Ugo Consolo8Eugenio Pedullà9Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, ItalyDepartment of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Physics, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, ItalyDepartment of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, ItalyTo evaluate the properties of two nickel–titanium (NiTi) reciprocating endodontic instruments (commercially known as Procodile and Reziflow), a total of 40 size 25 and 0.06 taper new Procodile and Reziflow instruments (<i>n</i> = 20) were subjected to cyclic fatigue tests (60° angle of curvature, 5-mm radius) at 20 °C and 37 °C and a torsional test based on ISO 3630-1. The fracture surface of each fragment was examined. The morphological, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and phase composition characteristics of the files were investigated by field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector, focused ion beam analysis (FIB), micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Reziflow showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance than Procodile at 37 °C (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The maximum torsional strength of Procodile was lower than that of Reziflow (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No difference was found between their angular rotations to fracture (<i>p</i> > 0.05). SEM, FIB, Micro-Raman, and AES analyses revealed the presence of an Nb/Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> coating on the Procodile surface. DSC and XRD analysis confirmed that both files consist of an almost austenitic phase structure at 37 °C. The cyclic fatigue resistance of Procodile and Reziflow significantly decreases upon exposure to body temperature.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3736Auger electron spectroscopycyclic fatiguedifferential scanning calorimetryfocused ion beam analysisProcodile |
| spellingShingle | Luigi Generali Anastasiya Malovo Giovanni Bolelli Alessia Borghi Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa Pietro Puddu Luca Lusvarghi Alberto Rota Ugo Consolo Eugenio Pedullà Mechanical Properties and Metallurgical Features of New Green NiTi Reciprocating Instruments Materials Auger electron spectroscopy cyclic fatigue differential scanning calorimetry focused ion beam analysis Procodile |
| title | Mechanical Properties and Metallurgical Features of New Green NiTi Reciprocating Instruments |
| title_full | Mechanical Properties and Metallurgical Features of New Green NiTi Reciprocating Instruments |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Properties and Metallurgical Features of New Green NiTi Reciprocating Instruments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Properties and Metallurgical Features of New Green NiTi Reciprocating Instruments |
| title_short | Mechanical Properties and Metallurgical Features of New Green NiTi Reciprocating Instruments |
| title_sort | mechanical properties and metallurgical features of new green niti reciprocating instruments |
| topic | Auger electron spectroscopy cyclic fatigue differential scanning calorimetry focused ion beam analysis Procodile |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3736 |
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