Effect of Melt-Compounding Protocol on Self-Aggregation and Percolation in a Ternary Composite
A ternary composite of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), and carbon black (CB) shows the PCL-induced CB self-aggregation and percolation formation when the amount of the PCL phase as the secondary phase is as small as the amount of CB. Furthermore, when the drop size of the PCL phas...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/12/3041 |
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| author | Ji Hwan Kim Joung Sook Hong Akira Ishigami Takashi Kurose Hiroshi Ito Kyung Hyun Ahn |
| author_facet | Ji Hwan Kim Joung Sook Hong Akira Ishigami Takashi Kurose Hiroshi Ito Kyung Hyun Ahn |
| author_sort | Ji Hwan Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A ternary composite of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), and carbon black (CB) shows the PCL-induced CB self-aggregation and percolation formation when the amount of the PCL phase as the secondary phase is as small as the amount of CB. Furthermore, when the drop size of the PCL phase becomes smaller, the ternary composite forms a percolation of high order structure, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of the electrical conductivity (~4 × 10<sup>−2</sup> S/m with 4 wt.% CB). To further control the percolation structure, the composite fabrication is controlled by splitting a typical single-step mixing process into two steps, focusing on the dispersion of the secondary PCL phase and the CB particles separately. Under the single-step mixing protocol, the ternary composite shows a structure with greater CB aggregation in the form of a high aspect ratio and large aggregates (aggregate perimeter~aggregate size 0.7). Meanwhile, the two-step mixing process causes the CB aggregates to expand and create a higher structure (aggregate perimeter~aggregate size 0.8). The reduced size of the secondary phase under a mixing condition with high shear force prior to the addition of CB provides a larger interfacial area for CB to diffuse into the PCL phase during the subsequent mixing step, resulting in a further expansion of CB aggregation throughout the composite. The particle percolation of such a high order structure is attributed to high storage modulus (G′), high Young’s modulus, high dielectric loss (ε″), and negative–positive switching of dielectric constant at high frequency (of 103 Hz) of composite. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:57:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea9cd802395d4111b8b2bb370470037e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:57:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea9cd802395d4111b8b2bb370470037e2023-11-21T01:32:43ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-12-011212304110.3390/polym12123041Effect of Melt-Compounding Protocol on Self-Aggregation and Percolation in a Ternary CompositeJi Hwan Kim0Joung Sook Hong1Akira Ishigami2Takashi Kurose3Hiroshi Ito4Kyung Hyun Ahn5School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaSchool of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaResearch Center for GREEN Materials & Advanced Processing, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, JapanResearch Center for GREEN Materials & Advanced Processing, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, JapanResearch Center for GREEN Materials & Advanced Processing, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, JapanSchool of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaA ternary composite of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), and carbon black (CB) shows the PCL-induced CB self-aggregation and percolation formation when the amount of the PCL phase as the secondary phase is as small as the amount of CB. Furthermore, when the drop size of the PCL phase becomes smaller, the ternary composite forms a percolation of high order structure, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of the electrical conductivity (~4 × 10<sup>−2</sup> S/m with 4 wt.% CB). To further control the percolation structure, the composite fabrication is controlled by splitting a typical single-step mixing process into two steps, focusing on the dispersion of the secondary PCL phase and the CB particles separately. Under the single-step mixing protocol, the ternary composite shows a structure with greater CB aggregation in the form of a high aspect ratio and large aggregates (aggregate perimeter~aggregate size 0.7). Meanwhile, the two-step mixing process causes the CB aggregates to expand and create a higher structure (aggregate perimeter~aggregate size 0.8). The reduced size of the secondary phase under a mixing condition with high shear force prior to the addition of CB provides a larger interfacial area for CB to diffuse into the PCL phase during the subsequent mixing step, resulting in a further expansion of CB aggregation throughout the composite. The particle percolation of such a high order structure is attributed to high storage modulus (G′), high Young’s modulus, high dielectric loss (ε″), and negative–positive switching of dielectric constant at high frequency (of 103 Hz) of composite.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/12/3041biopolymer blendcarbon blackparticle aggregationconductivity |
| spellingShingle | Ji Hwan Kim Joung Sook Hong Akira Ishigami Takashi Kurose Hiroshi Ito Kyung Hyun Ahn Effect of Melt-Compounding Protocol on Self-Aggregation and Percolation in a Ternary Composite Polymers biopolymer blend carbon black particle aggregation conductivity |
| title | Effect of Melt-Compounding Protocol on Self-Aggregation and Percolation in a Ternary Composite |
| title_full | Effect of Melt-Compounding Protocol on Self-Aggregation and Percolation in a Ternary Composite |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Melt-Compounding Protocol on Self-Aggregation and Percolation in a Ternary Composite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Melt-Compounding Protocol on Self-Aggregation and Percolation in a Ternary Composite |
| title_short | Effect of Melt-Compounding Protocol on Self-Aggregation and Percolation in a Ternary Composite |
| title_sort | effect of melt compounding protocol on self aggregation and percolation in a ternary composite |
| topic | biopolymer blend carbon black particle aggregation conductivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/12/3041 |
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