Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Cupric Oxide Loaded 2D Structure Graphitic Carbon Nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) Nanocomposite: In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Fungal Interaction Studies
The active and inexpensive catalyst cupric oxide (CuO) loaded foliar fertilizer of graphitic carbon nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is investigated for biological applications due to its low cost and easy synthesis. The synthesized CuO NPs, bulk g-C&...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/3/310 |
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| author | Rajendran Lakshmi Priya Bheeranna Kariyanna Sengodan Karthi Raja Sudhakaran Sundaram Ganesh Babu Radhakrishnan Vidya |
| author_facet | Rajendran Lakshmi Priya Bheeranna Kariyanna Sengodan Karthi Raja Sudhakaran Sundaram Ganesh Babu Radhakrishnan Vidya |
| author_sort | Rajendran Lakshmi Priya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The active and inexpensive catalyst cupric oxide (CuO) loaded foliar fertilizer of graphitic carbon nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is investigated for biological applications due to its low cost and easy synthesis. The synthesized CuO NPs, bulk g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, exfoliated <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and different weight percentages of 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, and 70 wt% CuO-loaded <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> are characterized using different analytical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The nanocomposite of CuO NPs loaded <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>) and Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>). The 20 μg/mL of 70 wt% CuO/<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite showed an efficiency of 98% for Gram-positive bacteria, 80% for <i>E. Coli</i>, and 85% for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. In the same way, since the 70 wt% CuO/<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite showed the best results for antibacterial activity, the same compound was evaluated for anti-fungal activity. For this purpose, the fungi <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Trichoderma viride</i> were used. The anti-fungal activity experiments were not conducted in the presence of sunlight, and no appreciable fungal inhibition was observed. As per the literature, the presence of the catalyst <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, without an external light source, reduces the fungal inhibition performance. Hence, in the future, some modifications in the experimental conditions should be considered to improve the anti-fungal activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:20:37Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:20:37Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ea9eea7ae51f485ca89fbfeb0d836bc22023-11-17T11:59:47ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-02-019331010.3390/jof9030310Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Cupric Oxide Loaded 2D Structure Graphitic Carbon Nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) Nanocomposite: In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Fungal Interaction StudiesRajendran Lakshmi Priya0Bheeranna Kariyanna1Sengodan Karthi2Raja Sudhakaran3Sundaram Ganesh Babu4Radhakrishnan Vidya5Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, IndiaVIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USASchool of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, IndiaVIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, IndiaThe active and inexpensive catalyst cupric oxide (CuO) loaded foliar fertilizer of graphitic carbon nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is investigated for biological applications due to its low cost and easy synthesis. The synthesized CuO NPs, bulk g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, exfoliated <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and different weight percentages of 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, and 70 wt% CuO-loaded <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> are characterized using different analytical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The nanocomposite of CuO NPs loaded <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>) and Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>). The 20 μg/mL of 70 wt% CuO/<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite showed an efficiency of 98% for Gram-positive bacteria, 80% for <i>E. Coli</i>, and 85% for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. In the same way, since the 70 wt% CuO/<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite showed the best results for antibacterial activity, the same compound was evaluated for anti-fungal activity. For this purpose, the fungi <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Trichoderma viride</i> were used. The anti-fungal activity experiments were not conducted in the presence of sunlight, and no appreciable fungal inhibition was observed. As per the literature, the presence of the catalyst <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, without an external light source, reduces the fungal inhibition performance. Hence, in the future, some modifications in the experimental conditions should be considered to improve the anti-fungal activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/3/310antibacterialantifungal activityCuO/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocompositefungal interactionsplant pathogens |
| spellingShingle | Rajendran Lakshmi Priya Bheeranna Kariyanna Sengodan Karthi Raja Sudhakaran Sundaram Ganesh Babu Radhakrishnan Vidya Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Cupric Oxide Loaded 2D Structure Graphitic Carbon Nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) Nanocomposite: In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Fungal Interaction Studies Journal of Fungi antibacterial antifungal activity CuO/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite fungal interactions plant pathogens |
| title | Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Cupric Oxide Loaded 2D Structure Graphitic Carbon Nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) Nanocomposite: In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Fungal Interaction Studies |
| title_full | Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Cupric Oxide Loaded 2D Structure Graphitic Carbon Nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) Nanocomposite: In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Fungal Interaction Studies |
| title_fullStr | Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Cupric Oxide Loaded 2D Structure Graphitic Carbon Nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) Nanocomposite: In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Fungal Interaction Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Cupric Oxide Loaded 2D Structure Graphitic Carbon Nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) Nanocomposite: In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Fungal Interaction Studies |
| title_short | Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Cupric Oxide Loaded 2D Structure Graphitic Carbon Nitride (<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) Nanocomposite: In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Fungal Interaction Studies |
| title_sort | facile synthesis and characterization of cupric oxide loaded 2d structure graphitic carbon nitride i g i c sub 3 sub n sub 4 sub nanocomposite in vitro anti bacterial and fungal interaction studies |
| topic | antibacterial antifungal activity CuO/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite fungal interactions plant pathogens |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/3/310 |
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