MOG antibody-associated disease – a new entity or one of the forms of the NMO spectrum?
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a protein involved in the maintenance of the myelin structure. Recent studies have shown that serum anti-MOG antibodies are found in some of the patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, but do not have detecta...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Medical Communications Sp. z o.o.
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Aktualności Neurologiczne |
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| Online Access: | http://neurologia.com.pl/index.php/issues/2019-vol-19-no-3/mog-antibody-associated-disease-a-new-entity-or-one-of-the-forms-of-the-nmo-spectrum?aid=1058 |
| _version_ | 1828302958125645824 |
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| author | Dominika Czarnecka Mariusz Stasiołek |
| author_facet | Dominika Czarnecka Mariusz Stasiołek |
| author_sort | Dominika Czarnecka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a protein involved in the maintenance of the myelin structure. Recent studies have shown that serum anti-MOG antibodies are found in some of the patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, but do not have detectable aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies. Anti-MOG antibodies are components of the inflammatory response to myelin leading to primary demyelination, while the anti-AQP4 antibodies mediate astrocyte destruction in the first place. The available data on the diverse immunopathological mechanisms, demographic characteristics of patients as well as the clinical course suggest the need for classifying anti-MOG-related disorders as a separate form of demyelinating disease. The clinical picture is dominated by an isolated optic neuritis, which is bilateral in 50% of cases. Myelitis and encephalitis are less common manifestations. Long-term prognosis should be considered serious. Long-term disability, mainly in the form of reduced visual acuity and unsteady gait, is observed in almost half of patients. Previous studies showed that intravenous corticosteroid therapy is most effective for relapses, while therapeutic plasma exchange should be used if the desired clinical effect is not observed. As for maintenance therapy, most data support the use of corticosteroids. Reports on relapse prevention using intravenous immunoglobulin preparations, rituximab and other immunosuppressants are also available. The knowledge on MOG antibody-associated neurological conditions is certainly incomplete. Further systematic research is needed, particularly in the context of effective differentiation with other demyelinating conditions and efficacious therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:45:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eaa3ed2a9f254332a821407e60561b97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1641-9227 2451-0696 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:45:08Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aktualności Neurologiczne |
| spelling | doaj.art-eaa3ed2a9f254332a821407e60561b972022-12-22T02:44:31ZengMedical Communications Sp. z o.o.Aktualności Neurologiczne1641-92272451-06962019-10-0119311912410.15557/AN.2019.0016MOG antibody-associated disease – a new entity or one of the forms of the NMO spectrum?Dominika Czarnecka0Mariusz Stasiołek1Klinika Neurologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, PolskaKlinika Neurologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, PolskaMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a protein involved in the maintenance of the myelin structure. Recent studies have shown that serum anti-MOG antibodies are found in some of the patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, but do not have detectable aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies. Anti-MOG antibodies are components of the inflammatory response to myelin leading to primary demyelination, while the anti-AQP4 antibodies mediate astrocyte destruction in the first place. The available data on the diverse immunopathological mechanisms, demographic characteristics of patients as well as the clinical course suggest the need for classifying anti-MOG-related disorders as a separate form of demyelinating disease. The clinical picture is dominated by an isolated optic neuritis, which is bilateral in 50% of cases. Myelitis and encephalitis are less common manifestations. Long-term prognosis should be considered serious. Long-term disability, mainly in the form of reduced visual acuity and unsteady gait, is observed in almost half of patients. Previous studies showed that intravenous corticosteroid therapy is most effective for relapses, while therapeutic plasma exchange should be used if the desired clinical effect is not observed. As for maintenance therapy, most data support the use of corticosteroids. Reports on relapse prevention using intravenous immunoglobulin preparations, rituximab and other immunosuppressants are also available. The knowledge on MOG antibody-associated neurological conditions is certainly incomplete. Further systematic research is needed, particularly in the context of effective differentiation with other demyelinating conditions and efficacious therapy.http://neurologia.com.pl/index.php/issues/2019-vol-19-no-3/mog-antibody-associated-disease-a-new-entity-or-one-of-the-forms-of-the-nmo-spectrum?aid=1058oligodendrocyte myelin glycoproteinneuromyelitis optica spectrum disordersaquaporin-4isolated optic neuritismyelitis |
| spellingShingle | Dominika Czarnecka Mariusz Stasiołek MOG antibody-associated disease – a new entity or one of the forms of the NMO spectrum? Aktualności Neurologiczne oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders aquaporin-4 isolated optic neuritis myelitis |
| title | MOG antibody-associated disease – a new entity or one of the forms of the NMO spectrum? |
| title_full | MOG antibody-associated disease – a new entity or one of the forms of the NMO spectrum? |
| title_fullStr | MOG antibody-associated disease – a new entity or one of the forms of the NMO spectrum? |
| title_full_unstemmed | MOG antibody-associated disease – a new entity or one of the forms of the NMO spectrum? |
| title_short | MOG antibody-associated disease – a new entity or one of the forms of the NMO spectrum? |
| title_sort | mog antibody associated disease a new entity or one of the forms of the nmo spectrum |
| topic | oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders aquaporin-4 isolated optic neuritis myelitis |
| url | http://neurologia.com.pl/index.php/issues/2019-vol-19-no-3/mog-antibody-associated-disease-a-new-entity-or-one-of-the-forms-of-the-nmo-spectrum?aid=1058 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dominikaczarnecka mogantibodyassociateddiseaseanewentityoroneoftheformsofthenmospectrum AT mariuszstasiołek mogantibodyassociateddiseaseanewentityoroneoftheformsofthenmospectrum |