Strength and Biocompatibility of Heparin-Based Calcium Phosphate Cement Grafted with Ferulic Acid
The biomimetic synthesis of carbonated apatites by biomolecule-based templates is a promising way for broadening apatite applications in bone tissue regeneration. In this work, heparin was used as an organic template to prepare uniform carbonate-based apatite nanorods (CHA) and graft ferulic acid (F...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/13/2219 |
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| author | Kai-Chi Chang Jian-Chih Chen I-Tse Cheng Ssu-Meng Haung Shih-Ming Liu Chia-Ling Ko Ying-Sui Sun Chi-Jen Shih Wen-Cheng Chen |
| author_facet | Kai-Chi Chang Jian-Chih Chen I-Tse Cheng Ssu-Meng Haung Shih-Ming Liu Chia-Ling Ko Ying-Sui Sun Chi-Jen Shih Wen-Cheng Chen |
| author_sort | Kai-Chi Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The biomimetic synthesis of carbonated apatites by biomolecule-based templates is a promising way for broadening apatite applications in bone tissue regeneration. In this work, heparin was used as an organic template to prepare uniform carbonate-based apatite nanorods (CHA) and graft ferulic acid (F-CHA) for enhanced bone mineralization. Next, by combining calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with different F-CHA/CPC ratios, a new type of injectable bone cement combined with F-CHA bioactive apatite was developed (CPC + F-CHA). The physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and mineralization potential of the CPC + F-CHA composites were determined in vitro. The experimental results confirmed the preparation of highly biocompatible CHA and the compatibility of F-CHA with CPC. Although CPC + F-CHA composites with F-CHA (2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%) showed a significant reduction in compressive strength (CS), compositing CPC with 10 wt% F-CHA yielded a CS suitable for orthopedic repair (CS still larger than 30 MPa). Spectroscopic and phase analyses revealed that the phase of the hydrothermally synthesized CHA product was not modified by the heparin template. Injection and disintegration tests indicated that the CPC + F-CHA composites have good biocompatibility even at 10 wt% F-CHA. D1 osteoprogenitor cells were cultured with the composites for 7 days in vitro, and the CPC + 10%F-CHA group demonstrated significantly promoted cell mineralization compared with other groups. Given these results, the use of over 10% F-CHA in CPC composites should be avoided if the latter is to be applied to load-bearing areas. A stress-shielding device may also be recommended to stabilize these areas. These newly developed biocompatible CPC + F-CHA have great potential as osteoconductive bone fillers for bone tissue engineering. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:50:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eaa44bbca04d419286ed0775f3e834c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:50:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-eaa44bbca04d419286ed0775f3e834c32023-11-22T02:49:01ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-07-011313221910.3390/polym13132219Strength and Biocompatibility of Heparin-Based Calcium Phosphate Cement Grafted with Ferulic AcidKai-Chi Chang0Jian-Chih Chen1I-Tse Cheng2Ssu-Meng Haung3Shih-Ming Liu4Chia-Ling Ko5Ying-Sui Sun6Chi-Jen Shih7Wen-Cheng Chen8Advanced Medical Devices and Composites Laboratory, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, TaiwanDepartment of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanAdvanced Medical Devices and Composites Laboratory, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, TaiwanAdvanced Medical Devices and Composites Laboratory, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, TaiwanAdvanced Medical Devices and Composites Laboratory, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, TaiwanAdvanced Medical Devices and Composites Laboratory, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, TaiwanSchool of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, TaiwanDepartment of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanAdvanced Medical Devices and Composites Laboratory, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, TaiwanThe biomimetic synthesis of carbonated apatites by biomolecule-based templates is a promising way for broadening apatite applications in bone tissue regeneration. In this work, heparin was used as an organic template to prepare uniform carbonate-based apatite nanorods (CHA) and graft ferulic acid (F-CHA) for enhanced bone mineralization. Next, by combining calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with different F-CHA/CPC ratios, a new type of injectable bone cement combined with F-CHA bioactive apatite was developed (CPC + F-CHA). The physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and mineralization potential of the CPC + F-CHA composites were determined in vitro. The experimental results confirmed the preparation of highly biocompatible CHA and the compatibility of F-CHA with CPC. Although CPC + F-CHA composites with F-CHA (2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%) showed a significant reduction in compressive strength (CS), compositing CPC with 10 wt% F-CHA yielded a CS suitable for orthopedic repair (CS still larger than 30 MPa). Spectroscopic and phase analyses revealed that the phase of the hydrothermally synthesized CHA product was not modified by the heparin template. Injection and disintegration tests indicated that the CPC + F-CHA composites have good biocompatibility even at 10 wt% F-CHA. D1 osteoprogenitor cells were cultured with the composites for 7 days in vitro, and the CPC + 10%F-CHA group demonstrated significantly promoted cell mineralization compared with other groups. Given these results, the use of over 10% F-CHA in CPC composites should be avoided if the latter is to be applied to load-bearing areas. A stress-shielding device may also be recommended to stabilize these areas. These newly developed biocompatible CPC + F-CHA have great potential as osteoconductive bone fillers for bone tissue engineering.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/13/2219apatitenanorodstemplatescalcium phosphate bone cementbiocompatibilitymineralization |
| spellingShingle | Kai-Chi Chang Jian-Chih Chen I-Tse Cheng Ssu-Meng Haung Shih-Ming Liu Chia-Ling Ko Ying-Sui Sun Chi-Jen Shih Wen-Cheng Chen Strength and Biocompatibility of Heparin-Based Calcium Phosphate Cement Grafted with Ferulic Acid Polymers apatite nanorods templates calcium phosphate bone cement biocompatibility mineralization |
| title | Strength and Biocompatibility of Heparin-Based Calcium Phosphate Cement Grafted with Ferulic Acid |
| title_full | Strength and Biocompatibility of Heparin-Based Calcium Phosphate Cement Grafted with Ferulic Acid |
| title_fullStr | Strength and Biocompatibility of Heparin-Based Calcium Phosphate Cement Grafted with Ferulic Acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strength and Biocompatibility of Heparin-Based Calcium Phosphate Cement Grafted with Ferulic Acid |
| title_short | Strength and Biocompatibility of Heparin-Based Calcium Phosphate Cement Grafted with Ferulic Acid |
| title_sort | strength and biocompatibility of heparin based calcium phosphate cement grafted with ferulic acid |
| topic | apatite nanorods templates calcium phosphate bone cement biocompatibility mineralization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/13/2219 |
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