An All-in-One Concept of a Mobile System for On-Farm Swine Depopulation, Pathogen Inactivation, Off-Site Carcass Disposal, and Biosecure Cleanup
Infectious animal diseases can cause severe mortality on infected farms. An outbreak challenges the system and forces difficult decisions to stop the disease progression. We propose an ‘all-in-one’ concept of a mobile system for on-farm swine depopulation and pathogen inactivation. The system uses v...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | AgriEngineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/4/4/74 |
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| author | Myeongseong Lee Jacek A. Koziel Brett C. Ramirez Baitong Chen Yuzhi Li |
| author_facet | Myeongseong Lee Jacek A. Koziel Brett C. Ramirez Baitong Chen Yuzhi Li |
| author_sort | Myeongseong Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infectious animal diseases can cause severe mortality on infected farms. An outbreak challenges the system and forces difficult decisions to stop the disease progression. We propose an ‘all-in-one’ concept of a mobile system for on-farm swine depopulation and pathogen inactivation. The system uses vaporized CO<sub>2</sub> followed by heat treatment, broadening options for off-site carcass disposal and cleanup. A direct-fired heater supplies heat into the insulated trailer to reach and maintain the inactivation temperature for targeted pathogens. We developed a user-friendly model based on engineering principles for estimating site- and scenario-specific CO<sub>2</sub> amounts and times required to inactivate targeted pathogens. Multipoint CO<sub>2</sub> injection and improved distribution to animals follow the plug-flow reactor air replacement model. The model illustrates the depopulation and inactivation of two diseases, African swine fever (ASF) and the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) viruses. The model allows for dump trailer size, pig number, weights, and environmental conditions input. Model outputs provide users with practical information about the required CO<sub>2</sub> injection rate, temperature setpoints, and times to effectively depopulate and inactivate pathogens in carcasses. The concept could be adopted for a routine or a mass depopulation/treatment/disposal with a single or fleet of ‘all-in-one’ units. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:26:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eac646a8f00148b4a278fb810538d70c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-7402 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:26:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AgriEngineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-eac646a8f00148b4a278fb810538d70c2023-11-24T12:43:06ZengMDPI AGAgriEngineering2624-74022022-12-01441184119910.3390/agriengineering4040074An All-in-One Concept of a Mobile System for On-Farm Swine Depopulation, Pathogen Inactivation, Off-Site Carcass Disposal, and Biosecure CleanupMyeongseong Lee0Jacek A. Koziel1Brett C. Ramirez2Baitong Chen3Yuzhi Li4Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAUSDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX 79012, USADepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USADepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USAWest Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USAInfectious animal diseases can cause severe mortality on infected farms. An outbreak challenges the system and forces difficult decisions to stop the disease progression. We propose an ‘all-in-one’ concept of a mobile system for on-farm swine depopulation and pathogen inactivation. The system uses vaporized CO<sub>2</sub> followed by heat treatment, broadening options for off-site carcass disposal and cleanup. A direct-fired heater supplies heat into the insulated trailer to reach and maintain the inactivation temperature for targeted pathogens. We developed a user-friendly model based on engineering principles for estimating site- and scenario-specific CO<sub>2</sub> amounts and times required to inactivate targeted pathogens. Multipoint CO<sub>2</sub> injection and improved distribution to animals follow the plug-flow reactor air replacement model. The model illustrates the depopulation and inactivation of two diseases, African swine fever (ASF) and the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) viruses. The model allows for dump trailer size, pig number, weights, and environmental conditions input. Model outputs provide users with practical information about the required CO<sub>2</sub> injection rate, temperature setpoints, and times to effectively depopulate and inactivate pathogens in carcasses. The concept could be adopted for a routine or a mass depopulation/treatment/disposal with a single or fleet of ‘all-in-one’ units.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/4/4/74depopulationCO<sub>2</sub>heat treatmentanimal mortalitieslivestock diseasesfarm biosecurity |
| spellingShingle | Myeongseong Lee Jacek A. Koziel Brett C. Ramirez Baitong Chen Yuzhi Li An All-in-One Concept of a Mobile System for On-Farm Swine Depopulation, Pathogen Inactivation, Off-Site Carcass Disposal, and Biosecure Cleanup AgriEngineering depopulation CO<sub>2</sub> heat treatment animal mortalities livestock diseases farm biosecurity |
| title | An All-in-One Concept of a Mobile System for On-Farm Swine Depopulation, Pathogen Inactivation, Off-Site Carcass Disposal, and Biosecure Cleanup |
| title_full | An All-in-One Concept of a Mobile System for On-Farm Swine Depopulation, Pathogen Inactivation, Off-Site Carcass Disposal, and Biosecure Cleanup |
| title_fullStr | An All-in-One Concept of a Mobile System for On-Farm Swine Depopulation, Pathogen Inactivation, Off-Site Carcass Disposal, and Biosecure Cleanup |
| title_full_unstemmed | An All-in-One Concept of a Mobile System for On-Farm Swine Depopulation, Pathogen Inactivation, Off-Site Carcass Disposal, and Biosecure Cleanup |
| title_short | An All-in-One Concept of a Mobile System for On-Farm Swine Depopulation, Pathogen Inactivation, Off-Site Carcass Disposal, and Biosecure Cleanup |
| title_sort | all in one concept of a mobile system for on farm swine depopulation pathogen inactivation off site carcass disposal and biosecure cleanup |
| topic | depopulation CO<sub>2</sub> heat treatment animal mortalities livestock diseases farm biosecurity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/4/4/74 |
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