Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit
Juice sac granulation is a common internal physiological disorder of citrus fruit. In the present study, we compared the physiochemical characteristics and transcriptome profiles of juice sacs in different granulation levels from Huyou fruit (Citrus changshanensis). The accumulation of cell wall com...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.923443/full |
| _version_ | 1811224409382322176 |
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| author | Chen Kang Anze Jiang Han Yang Guixia Zheng Yue Wang Jinping Cao Chongde Sun |
| author_facet | Chen Kang Anze Jiang Han Yang Guixia Zheng Yue Wang Jinping Cao Chongde Sun |
| author_sort | Chen Kang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Juice sac granulation is a common internal physiological disorder of citrus fruit. In the present study, we compared the physiochemical characteristics and transcriptome profiles of juice sacs in different granulation levels from Huyou fruit (Citrus changshanensis). The accumulation of cell wall components, including the water-soluble pectin, protopectin, cellulose, and lignin, were significantly correlated with the granulation process, resulting in the firmness increase of the juice sac. The in situ labeling of the cell wall components indicated the early accumulation of cellulose and high-methylesterified pectin in the outer layer cells, as well as the late accumulation of lignin in the inner layer cells of the juice sac. Several phytohormones, including auxins, abscisic acids, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and/or their metabolites, were positively correlated to the granulation level, indicating an active and complex phytohormones metabolism in the granulation process. Combining the trend analysis by the Mfuzz method and the module-trait correlation analysis by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method, a total of 2940 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be positively correlated with the granulation level. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that the selected DEGs were mainly involved in the cell wall organization and biogenesis, cell wall macromolecule metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, and polysaccharide metabolic process. Among these selected genes, those encoding β-1,4-xylosyltransferase IRX9, cellulose synthase, xyloglucan: xyloglucosyl transferase, xyloglucan galactosyltransferase MUR3, α-1,4-galacturonosyltransferase, expansin, polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase, endoglucanase and pectate lyase that required for the biosynthesis or structural modification of cell wall were identified. In addition, NAC, MYB, bHLH, and MADS were the top abundant transcription factors (TFs) families positively correlated with the granulation level, while the LOB was the top abundant TFs family negatively correlated with the granulation level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:48:54Z |
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| id | doaj.art-eacd1698b4214d9584e76ed7b8814efa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:48:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-eacd1698b4214d9584e76ed7b8814efa2022-12-22T03:39:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-07-011310.3389/fpls.2022.923443923443Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) FruitChen Kang0Anze Jiang1Han Yang2Guixia Zheng3Yue Wang4Jinping Cao5Chongde Sun6Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaLaboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaLaboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaQuzhou Kecheng District Chai Family Citrus Professional Cooperative, Quzhou, ChinaLaboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaLaboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaLaboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Horticultural Products Cold Chain Logistics Technology and Equipment National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaJuice sac granulation is a common internal physiological disorder of citrus fruit. In the present study, we compared the physiochemical characteristics and transcriptome profiles of juice sacs in different granulation levels from Huyou fruit (Citrus changshanensis). The accumulation of cell wall components, including the water-soluble pectin, protopectin, cellulose, and lignin, were significantly correlated with the granulation process, resulting in the firmness increase of the juice sac. The in situ labeling of the cell wall components indicated the early accumulation of cellulose and high-methylesterified pectin in the outer layer cells, as well as the late accumulation of lignin in the inner layer cells of the juice sac. Several phytohormones, including auxins, abscisic acids, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and/or their metabolites, were positively correlated to the granulation level, indicating an active and complex phytohormones metabolism in the granulation process. Combining the trend analysis by the Mfuzz method and the module-trait correlation analysis by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method, a total of 2940 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be positively correlated with the granulation level. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that the selected DEGs were mainly involved in the cell wall organization and biogenesis, cell wall macromolecule metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, and polysaccharide metabolic process. Among these selected genes, those encoding β-1,4-xylosyltransferase IRX9, cellulose synthase, xyloglucan: xyloglucosyl transferase, xyloglucan galactosyltransferase MUR3, α-1,4-galacturonosyltransferase, expansin, polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase, endoglucanase and pectate lyase that required for the biosynthesis or structural modification of cell wall were identified. In addition, NAC, MYB, bHLH, and MADS were the top abundant transcription factors (TFs) families positively correlated with the granulation level, while the LOB was the top abundant TFs family negatively correlated with the granulation level.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.923443/fullcell wall componentscitrusjuice sac granulationphytohormonestranscriptomic analysis |
| spellingShingle | Chen Kang Anze Jiang Han Yang Guixia Zheng Yue Wang Jinping Cao Chongde Sun Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit Frontiers in Plant Science cell wall components citrus juice sac granulation phytohormones transcriptomic analysis |
| title | Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
| title_full | Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
| title_short | Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
| title_sort | integrated physiochemical hormonal and transcriptomic analysis revealed the underlying mechanisms for granulation in huyou citrus changshanensis fruit |
| topic | cell wall components citrus juice sac granulation phytohormones transcriptomic analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.923443/full |
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