Genome Size, Cytotype Diversity and Reproductive Mode Variation of <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> (Rosaceae) from the Balkans
<i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> represents a multiploid and facultative apomictic system of widely distributed mountain populations. We used flow cytometry to determine genome size, ploidy level, and reproduction mode variation of the Balkan populations, supplemented by analysis of nucle...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2798 |
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| author | Faruk Bogunić Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev Irma Mahmutović-Dizdarević Alma Hajrudinović-Bogunić Mickaël Bourge Spencer C. Brown Edina Muratović |
| author_facet | Faruk Bogunić Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev Irma Mahmutović-Dizdarević Alma Hajrudinović-Bogunić Mickaël Bourge Spencer C. Brown Edina Muratović |
| author_sort | Faruk Bogunić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> represents a multiploid and facultative apomictic system of widely distributed mountain populations. We used flow cytometry to determine genome size, ploidy level, and reproduction mode variation of the Balkan populations, supplemented by analysis of nuclear microsatellites in order to address: (i) geographic distribution and variation of cytotypes among the populations; (ii) variation of reproduction mode and the frequency of sexuality; (iii) pathways of endosperm formation among the sampled polyploids and their endosperm balance requirements; (iv) genotypic diversity and geographic distribution of clonal lineages of polyploids. The prevalence of apomictic tetraploid cytotype followed by sexual diploids and extremely rare triploids was demonstrated. This prevalence of tetraploids affected the populations’ structure composed from clonal genotypes with varying proportions. The co-occurrence of diploids and tetraploids generated higher cytotype, reproductive mode, and genotypic diversity, but mixed-ploidy sites were extremely rare. The endosperm imbalance facilitates the development and the occurrence of intermediate triploids in mixed-ploidy populations, but also different tetraploid lineages elsewhere with unbalanced endosperm. All these results showed that the South European populations of <i>C. integerrimus</i> have higher levels of cytotype and reproductive diversity compared to the Central European ones. Therefore, the South European populations can be considered as a potential reservoir of regional and global diversity for this species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:17:00Z |
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| id | doaj.art-ead03440c7364477ad7f417b49a43f98 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:17:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-ead03440c7364477ad7f417b49a43f982023-11-23T10:13:23ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-12-011012279810.3390/plants10122798Genome Size, Cytotype Diversity and Reproductive Mode Variation of <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> (Rosaceae) from the BalkansFaruk Bogunić0Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev1Irma Mahmutović-Dizdarević2Alma Hajrudinović-Bogunić3Mickaël Bourge4Spencer C. Brown5Edina Muratović6Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaEcologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91405 Orsay, FranceLaboratory for Research and Protection of Endemic Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaFaculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceLaboratory for Research and Protection of Endemic Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina<i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> represents a multiploid and facultative apomictic system of widely distributed mountain populations. We used flow cytometry to determine genome size, ploidy level, and reproduction mode variation of the Balkan populations, supplemented by analysis of nuclear microsatellites in order to address: (i) geographic distribution and variation of cytotypes among the populations; (ii) variation of reproduction mode and the frequency of sexuality; (iii) pathways of endosperm formation among the sampled polyploids and their endosperm balance requirements; (iv) genotypic diversity and geographic distribution of clonal lineages of polyploids. The prevalence of apomictic tetraploid cytotype followed by sexual diploids and extremely rare triploids was demonstrated. This prevalence of tetraploids affected the populations’ structure composed from clonal genotypes with varying proportions. The co-occurrence of diploids and tetraploids generated higher cytotype, reproductive mode, and genotypic diversity, but mixed-ploidy sites were extremely rare. The endosperm imbalance facilitates the development and the occurrence of intermediate triploids in mixed-ploidy populations, but also different tetraploid lineages elsewhere with unbalanced endosperm. All these results showed that the South European populations of <i>C. integerrimus</i> have higher levels of cytotype and reproductive diversity compared to the Central European ones. Therefore, the South European populations can be considered as a potential reservoir of regional and global diversity for this species.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2798apomixisBalkansclonality<i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i>cytotypegenome size |
| spellingShingle | Faruk Bogunić Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev Irma Mahmutović-Dizdarević Alma Hajrudinović-Bogunić Mickaël Bourge Spencer C. Brown Edina Muratović Genome Size, Cytotype Diversity and Reproductive Mode Variation of <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> (Rosaceae) from the Balkans Plants apomixis Balkans clonality <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> cytotype genome size |
| title | Genome Size, Cytotype Diversity and Reproductive Mode Variation of <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> (Rosaceae) from the Balkans |
| title_full | Genome Size, Cytotype Diversity and Reproductive Mode Variation of <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> (Rosaceae) from the Balkans |
| title_fullStr | Genome Size, Cytotype Diversity and Reproductive Mode Variation of <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> (Rosaceae) from the Balkans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome Size, Cytotype Diversity and Reproductive Mode Variation of <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> (Rosaceae) from the Balkans |
| title_short | Genome Size, Cytotype Diversity and Reproductive Mode Variation of <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> (Rosaceae) from the Balkans |
| title_sort | genome size cytotype diversity and reproductive mode variation of i cotoneaster integerrimus i rosaceae from the balkans |
| topic | apomixis Balkans clonality <i>Cotoneaster integerrimus</i> cytotype genome size |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2798 |
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