A new method for oral cancer biomarkers detection with a non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and rapid-highly sensitive ELISA immunoassay: a pilot study in humans
IntroductionOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and has a 5-year mortality rate close to 50%. A consistent part (70%) of all oral cancers is diagnosed at an advanced stage since available screening techniques are ineffective. Therefore, it would b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216107/full |
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| author | Federico Rebaudi Alfredo De Rosa Marco Greppi Roberto Pistilli Resi Pucci Flavio Andrea Govoni Paolo Iacoviello Francesco Broccolo Giuseppe Tomasello Silvia Pesce Francesco Laganà Bernardo Bianchi Francesca Di Gaudio Alberto Rebaudi Emanuela Marcenaro Emanuela Marcenaro |
| author_facet | Federico Rebaudi Alfredo De Rosa Marco Greppi Roberto Pistilli Resi Pucci Flavio Andrea Govoni Paolo Iacoviello Francesco Broccolo Giuseppe Tomasello Silvia Pesce Francesco Laganà Bernardo Bianchi Francesca Di Gaudio Alberto Rebaudi Emanuela Marcenaro Emanuela Marcenaro |
| author_sort | Federico Rebaudi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and has a 5-year mortality rate close to 50%. A consistent part (70%) of all oral cancers is diagnosed at an advanced stage since available screening techniques are ineffective. Therefore, it would be urgent to improve them. The diagnostic gold standard is tissue biopsy with histological and immunohistochemical assessment. This method presents some limitations. Biopsy is invasive and the histopathological evaluation is semi-quantitative, and the absolute abundance of the target cannot be reliably determined. In addition, tissue is highly processed and may lead to loss of information of the natural state. The search for classical and new clinical biomarkers on fragments of tissue/cells collected with a cytobrush is a highly hopeful technique for early detection and diagnosis of OSCC, because of its non-invasive sampling and easy collection method.MethodsHere we analyzed cytobrush biopsies samples collected from the oral cavity of 15 patients with already diagnosed OSCC by applying an innovative high-sensitivity ELISA technique, in order to verify if this approach may provide useful information for detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of OSCC. To this end, we selected six biomarkers, already used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of OSCC (EGFR, Ki67, p53) or selected based on recent scientific and clinical data which indicate their presence or over-expression in cells undergoing transformation and their role as possible molecular targets in immunecheckpoints blockade therapies (PD-L1, HLA-E, B7-H6).ResultsThe selected tumor biomarkers were highly expressed in the tumor core, while were virtually negative in healthy tissue collected from the same patients. These differences were highly statistically significant and consistent with those obtained using the gold standard test clearly indicating that the proposed approach, i.e. analysis of biomarkers by a custom ELISA technique, is strongly reliable.DiscussionThese preliminary data suggest that this non-invasive rapid phenotyping technique could be useful as a screening tool for phenotyping oral lesions and support clinical practice by precise indications on the characteristics of the lesion, also with a view to the application of new anti-tumor treatments, such as immunotherapy, aimed at OSCC patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:58:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ead676e5a43e4ed4adaeb1437b65af8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:58:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ead676e5a43e4ed4adaeb1437b65af8b2023-07-06T14:41:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-07-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12161071216107A new method for oral cancer biomarkers detection with a non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and rapid-highly sensitive ELISA immunoassay: a pilot study in humansFederico Rebaudi0Alfredo De Rosa1Marco Greppi2Roberto Pistilli3Resi Pucci4Flavio Andrea Govoni5Paolo Iacoviello6Francesco Broccolo7Giuseppe Tomasello8Silvia Pesce9Francesco Laganà10Bernardo Bianchi11Francesca Di Gaudio12Alberto Rebaudi13Emanuela Marcenaro14Emanuela Marcenaro15Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, ItalyMultidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, ItalyOral and Maxillofacial Surgery, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Roma, ItalyOral and Maxillofacial Surgery, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Roma, ItalyOral and Maxillofacial Surgery, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Roma, ItalyDepartment of Maxillofacial and Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, ItalyDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, ItalyPrivate Practice, Lugano, SwitzerlandDepartment of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, ItalyIRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Maxillofacciale e Odontoiatra, Genova, ItalyIRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Maxillofacciale e Odontoiatra, Genova, ItalyDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, CQRC (Quality Control and Chemical Risk) Hospital Company, Hospitals Reunited Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, ItalyPrivate Practice, President of Bio.C.R.A. (Biomaterials Clinical-Histological Research Association), Genova, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy0IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, ItalyIntroductionOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and has a 5-year mortality rate close to 50%. A consistent part (70%) of all oral cancers is diagnosed at an advanced stage since available screening techniques are ineffective. Therefore, it would be urgent to improve them. The diagnostic gold standard is tissue biopsy with histological and immunohistochemical assessment. This method presents some limitations. Biopsy is invasive and the histopathological evaluation is semi-quantitative, and the absolute abundance of the target cannot be reliably determined. In addition, tissue is highly processed and may lead to loss of information of the natural state. The search for classical and new clinical biomarkers on fragments of tissue/cells collected with a cytobrush is a highly hopeful technique for early detection and diagnosis of OSCC, because of its non-invasive sampling and easy collection method.MethodsHere we analyzed cytobrush biopsies samples collected from the oral cavity of 15 patients with already diagnosed OSCC by applying an innovative high-sensitivity ELISA technique, in order to verify if this approach may provide useful information for detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of OSCC. To this end, we selected six biomarkers, already used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of OSCC (EGFR, Ki67, p53) or selected based on recent scientific and clinical data which indicate their presence or over-expression in cells undergoing transformation and their role as possible molecular targets in immunecheckpoints blockade therapies (PD-L1, HLA-E, B7-H6).ResultsThe selected tumor biomarkers were highly expressed in the tumor core, while were virtually negative in healthy tissue collected from the same patients. These differences were highly statistically significant and consistent with those obtained using the gold standard test clearly indicating that the proposed approach, i.e. analysis of biomarkers by a custom ELISA technique, is strongly reliable.DiscussionThese preliminary data suggest that this non-invasive rapid phenotyping technique could be useful as a screening tool for phenotyping oral lesions and support clinical practice by precise indications on the characteristics of the lesion, also with a view to the application of new anti-tumor treatments, such as immunotherapy, aimed at OSCC patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216107/fulloral cancerscreeningtumor biomarkersnatural killer cellsimmunotherapyELISA immunoassay |
| spellingShingle | Federico Rebaudi Alfredo De Rosa Marco Greppi Roberto Pistilli Resi Pucci Flavio Andrea Govoni Paolo Iacoviello Francesco Broccolo Giuseppe Tomasello Silvia Pesce Francesco Laganà Bernardo Bianchi Francesca Di Gaudio Alberto Rebaudi Emanuela Marcenaro Emanuela Marcenaro A new method for oral cancer biomarkers detection with a non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and rapid-highly sensitive ELISA immunoassay: a pilot study in humans Frontiers in Immunology oral cancer screening tumor biomarkers natural killer cells immunotherapy ELISA immunoassay |
| title | A new method for oral cancer biomarkers detection with a non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and rapid-highly sensitive ELISA immunoassay: a pilot study in humans |
| title_full | A new method for oral cancer biomarkers detection with a non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and rapid-highly sensitive ELISA immunoassay: a pilot study in humans |
| title_fullStr | A new method for oral cancer biomarkers detection with a non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and rapid-highly sensitive ELISA immunoassay: a pilot study in humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | A new method for oral cancer biomarkers detection with a non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and rapid-highly sensitive ELISA immunoassay: a pilot study in humans |
| title_short | A new method for oral cancer biomarkers detection with a non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and rapid-highly sensitive ELISA immunoassay: a pilot study in humans |
| title_sort | new method for oral cancer biomarkers detection with a non invasive cyto salivary sampling and rapid highly sensitive elisa immunoassay a pilot study in humans |
| topic | oral cancer screening tumor biomarkers natural killer cells immunotherapy ELISA immunoassay |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216107/full |
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