A systematic survey of regional multi-taxon biodiversity: evaluating strategies and coverage
Abstract Background In light of the biodiversity crisis and our limited ability to explain variation in biodiversity, tools to quantify spatial and temporal variation in biodiversity and its underlying drivers are critically needed. Inspired by the recently published ecospace framework, we developed...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2019-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Ecology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12898-019-0260-x |
| _version_ | 1818732907501453312 |
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| author | Ane Kirstine Brunbjerg Hans Henrik Bruun Lars Brøndum Aimée T. Classen Lars Dalby Kåre Fog Tobias G. Frøslev Irina Goldberg Anders Johannes Hansen Morten D. D. Hansen Toke T. Høye Anders A. Illum Thomas Læssøe Gregory S. Newman Lars Skipper Ulrik Søchting Rasmus Ejrnæs |
| author_facet | Ane Kirstine Brunbjerg Hans Henrik Bruun Lars Brøndum Aimée T. Classen Lars Dalby Kåre Fog Tobias G. Frøslev Irina Goldberg Anders Johannes Hansen Morten D. D. Hansen Toke T. Høye Anders A. Illum Thomas Læssøe Gregory S. Newman Lars Skipper Ulrik Søchting Rasmus Ejrnæs |
| author_sort | Ane Kirstine Brunbjerg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In light of the biodiversity crisis and our limited ability to explain variation in biodiversity, tools to quantify spatial and temporal variation in biodiversity and its underlying drivers are critically needed. Inspired by the recently published ecospace framework, we developed and tested a sampling design for environmental and biotic mapping. We selected 130 study sites (40 × 40 m) across Denmark using stratified random sampling along the major environmental gradients underlying biotic variation. Using standardized methods, we collected site species data on vascular plants, bryophytes, macrofungi, lichens, gastropods and arthropods. To evaluate sampling efficiency, we calculated regional coverage (relative to the known species number per taxonomic group), and site scale coverage (i.e., sample completeness per taxonomic group at each site). To extend taxonomic coverage to organisms that are difficult to sample by classical inventories (e.g., nematodes and non-fruiting fungi), we collected soil for metabarcoding. Finally, to assess site conditions, we mapped abiotic conditions, biotic resources and habitat continuity. Results Despite the 130 study sites only covering a minute fraction (0.0005%) of the total Danish terrestrial area, we found 1774 species of macrofungi (54% of the Danish fungal species pool), 663 vascular plant species (42%), 254 bryophyte species (41%) and 200 lichen species (19%). For arthropods, we observed 330 spider species (58%), 123 carabid beetle species (37%) and 99 hoverfly species (33%). Overall, sample coverage was remarkably high across taxonomic groups and sufficient to capture substantial spatial variation in biodiversity across Denmark. This inventory is nationally unprecedented in detail and resulted in the discovery of 143 species with no previous record for Denmark. Comparison between plant OTUs detected in soil DNA and observed plant species confirmed the usefulness of carefully curated environmental DNA-data. Correlations among species richness for taxonomic groups were predominantly positive, but did not correlate well among all taxa suggesting differential and complex biotic responses to environmental variation. Conclusions We successfully and adequately sampled a wide range of diverse taxa along key environmental gradients across Denmark using an approach that includes multi-taxon biodiversity assessment and ecospace mapping. Our approach is applicable to assessments of biodiversity in other regions and biomes where species are structured along environmental gradient. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:41:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eae367e2d1b3421f83b2d82702250ab6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6785 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:41:02Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Ecology |
| spelling | doaj.art-eae367e2d1b3421f83b2d82702250ab62022-12-21T21:28:27ZengBMCBMC Ecology1472-67852019-10-0119111510.1186/s12898-019-0260-xA systematic survey of regional multi-taxon biodiversity: evaluating strategies and coverageAne Kirstine Brunbjerg0Hans Henrik Bruun1Lars Brøndum2Aimée T. Classen3Lars Dalby4Kåre FogTobias G. Frøslev5Irina Goldberg6Anders Johannes Hansen7Morten D. D. Hansen8Toke T. Høye9Anders A. Illum10Thomas Læssøe11Gregory S. Newman12Lars Skipper13Ulrik Søchting14Rasmus Ejrnæs15Section for Biodiversity & Conservation, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus UniversitySection for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenNatural History Museum AarhusRubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of VermontSection for Biodiversity & Conservation, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus UniversityCentre for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of CopenhagenSection for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenCentre for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of CopenhagenNatural History Museum AarhusSection for Biodiversity & Conservation, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus UniversityCentre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of CopenhagenSection for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenCentre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of CopenhagenNatural History Museum AarhusSection for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenSection for Biodiversity & Conservation, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus UniversityAbstract Background In light of the biodiversity crisis and our limited ability to explain variation in biodiversity, tools to quantify spatial and temporal variation in biodiversity and its underlying drivers are critically needed. Inspired by the recently published ecospace framework, we developed and tested a sampling design for environmental and biotic mapping. We selected 130 study sites (40 × 40 m) across Denmark using stratified random sampling along the major environmental gradients underlying biotic variation. Using standardized methods, we collected site species data on vascular plants, bryophytes, macrofungi, lichens, gastropods and arthropods. To evaluate sampling efficiency, we calculated regional coverage (relative to the known species number per taxonomic group), and site scale coverage (i.e., sample completeness per taxonomic group at each site). To extend taxonomic coverage to organisms that are difficult to sample by classical inventories (e.g., nematodes and non-fruiting fungi), we collected soil for metabarcoding. Finally, to assess site conditions, we mapped abiotic conditions, biotic resources and habitat continuity. Results Despite the 130 study sites only covering a minute fraction (0.0005%) of the total Danish terrestrial area, we found 1774 species of macrofungi (54% of the Danish fungal species pool), 663 vascular plant species (42%), 254 bryophyte species (41%) and 200 lichen species (19%). For arthropods, we observed 330 spider species (58%), 123 carabid beetle species (37%) and 99 hoverfly species (33%). Overall, sample coverage was remarkably high across taxonomic groups and sufficient to capture substantial spatial variation in biodiversity across Denmark. This inventory is nationally unprecedented in detail and resulted in the discovery of 143 species with no previous record for Denmark. Comparison between plant OTUs detected in soil DNA and observed plant species confirmed the usefulness of carefully curated environmental DNA-data. Correlations among species richness for taxonomic groups were predominantly positive, but did not correlate well among all taxa suggesting differential and complex biotic responses to environmental variation. Conclusions We successfully and adequately sampled a wide range of diverse taxa along key environmental gradients across Denmark using an approach that includes multi-taxon biodiversity assessment and ecospace mapping. Our approach is applicable to assessments of biodiversity in other regions and biomes where species are structured along environmental gradient.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12898-019-0260-xAbiotic gradientsBiotic factorsContinuityDenmarkDisturbanceeDNA |
| spellingShingle | Ane Kirstine Brunbjerg Hans Henrik Bruun Lars Brøndum Aimée T. Classen Lars Dalby Kåre Fog Tobias G. Frøslev Irina Goldberg Anders Johannes Hansen Morten D. D. Hansen Toke T. Høye Anders A. Illum Thomas Læssøe Gregory S. Newman Lars Skipper Ulrik Søchting Rasmus Ejrnæs A systematic survey of regional multi-taxon biodiversity: evaluating strategies and coverage BMC Ecology Abiotic gradients Biotic factors Continuity Denmark Disturbance eDNA |
| title | A systematic survey of regional multi-taxon biodiversity: evaluating strategies and coverage |
| title_full | A systematic survey of regional multi-taxon biodiversity: evaluating strategies and coverage |
| title_fullStr | A systematic survey of regional multi-taxon biodiversity: evaluating strategies and coverage |
| title_full_unstemmed | A systematic survey of regional multi-taxon biodiversity: evaluating strategies and coverage |
| title_short | A systematic survey of regional multi-taxon biodiversity: evaluating strategies and coverage |
| title_sort | systematic survey of regional multi taxon biodiversity evaluating strategies and coverage |
| topic | Abiotic gradients Biotic factors Continuity Denmark Disturbance eDNA |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12898-019-0260-x |
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