A Complete Assessment of the Emission Performance of an SI Engine Fueled with Methanol, Methane and Hydrogen
This study explores the potentiality of low/zero carbon fuels such as methanol, methane and hydrogen for motor applications to pursue the goal of energy security and environmental sustainability. An experimental investigation was performed on a spark ignition engine equipped with both a port fuel an...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1026 |
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| author | Francesco Catapano Silvana Di Iorio Agnese Magno Paolo Sementa Bianca Maria Vaglieco |
| author_facet | Francesco Catapano Silvana Di Iorio Agnese Magno Paolo Sementa Bianca Maria Vaglieco |
| author_sort | Francesco Catapano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study explores the potentiality of low/zero carbon fuels such as methanol, methane and hydrogen for motor applications to pursue the goal of energy security and environmental sustainability. An experimental investigation was performed on a spark ignition engine equipped with both a port fuel and a direct injection system. Liquid fuels were injected into the intake manifold to benefit from a homogeneous charge formation. Gaseous fuels were injected in direct mode to enhance the efficiency and prevent abnormal combustion. Tests were realized at a fixed indicated mean effective pressure and at three different engine speeds. The experimental results highlighted the reduction of CO and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for the alternative fuels to an extent depending on their properties. Methanol exhibited high THC and low NO<sub>x</sub> emissions compared to gasoline. Methane and, even more so, hydrogen, allowed for a reduction in THC emissions. With regard to the impact of gaseous fuels on the NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, this was strongly related to the operating conditions. A surprising result concerns the particle emissions that were affected not only by the fuel characteristics and the engine test point but also by the lubricating oil. The oil contribution was particularly evident for hydrogen fuel, which showed high particle emissions, although they did not contain carbon atoms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:31:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eae501fc65864a8f9fd71aeba4c38d7a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:31:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-eae501fc65864a8f9fd71aeba4c38d7a2024-03-12T16:43:03ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-02-01175102610.3390/en17051026A Complete Assessment of the Emission Performance of an SI Engine Fueled with Methanol, Methane and HydrogenFrancesco Catapano0Silvana Di Iorio1Agnese Magno2Paolo Sementa3Bianca Maria Vaglieco4Institute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS)—CNR, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS)—CNR, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS)—CNR, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS)—CNR, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS)—CNR, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyThis study explores the potentiality of low/zero carbon fuels such as methanol, methane and hydrogen for motor applications to pursue the goal of energy security and environmental sustainability. An experimental investigation was performed on a spark ignition engine equipped with both a port fuel and a direct injection system. Liquid fuels were injected into the intake manifold to benefit from a homogeneous charge formation. Gaseous fuels were injected in direct mode to enhance the efficiency and prevent abnormal combustion. Tests were realized at a fixed indicated mean effective pressure and at three different engine speeds. The experimental results highlighted the reduction of CO and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for the alternative fuels to an extent depending on their properties. Methanol exhibited high THC and low NO<sub>x</sub> emissions compared to gasoline. Methane and, even more so, hydrogen, allowed for a reduction in THC emissions. With regard to the impact of gaseous fuels on the NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, this was strongly related to the operating conditions. A surprising result concerns the particle emissions that were affected not only by the fuel characteristics and the engine test point but also by the lubricating oil. The oil contribution was particularly evident for hydrogen fuel, which showed high particle emissions, although they did not contain carbon atoms.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1026spark ignition enginemethanolhydrogenmethaneparticle emissionslubricating oil |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Catapano Silvana Di Iorio Agnese Magno Paolo Sementa Bianca Maria Vaglieco A Complete Assessment of the Emission Performance of an SI Engine Fueled with Methanol, Methane and Hydrogen Energies spark ignition engine methanol hydrogen methane particle emissions lubricating oil |
| title | A Complete Assessment of the Emission Performance of an SI Engine Fueled with Methanol, Methane and Hydrogen |
| title_full | A Complete Assessment of the Emission Performance of an SI Engine Fueled with Methanol, Methane and Hydrogen |
| title_fullStr | A Complete Assessment of the Emission Performance of an SI Engine Fueled with Methanol, Methane and Hydrogen |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Complete Assessment of the Emission Performance of an SI Engine Fueled with Methanol, Methane and Hydrogen |
| title_short | A Complete Assessment of the Emission Performance of an SI Engine Fueled with Methanol, Methane and Hydrogen |
| title_sort | complete assessment of the emission performance of an si engine fueled with methanol methane and hydrogen |
| topic | spark ignition engine methanol hydrogen methane particle emissions lubricating oil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1026 |
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