MRI of rectal cancer—relevant anatomy and staging key points
Abstract Rectal cancer has the eighth highest cancer incidence worldwide, and it is increasing in young individuals. However, in countries with a high human development index, mortality is decreasing, which may reflect better patient management, imaging being key. We rely on imaging to establish the...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Insights into Imaging |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13244-020-00890-7 |
| _version_ | 1830359644447440896 |
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| author | Inês Santiago Nuno Figueiredo Oriol Parés Celso Matos |
| author_facet | Inês Santiago Nuno Figueiredo Oriol Parés Celso Matos |
| author_sort | Inês Santiago |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Rectal cancer has the eighth highest cancer incidence worldwide, and it is increasing in young individuals. However, in countries with a high human development index, mortality is decreasing, which may reflect better patient management, imaging being key. We rely on imaging to establish the great majority of clinical tumour features for therapeutic decision-making, namely tumour location, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, circumferential resection margin status and extramural venous invasion. Despite major improvements in technique resulting in better image quality, and notwithstanding the dissemination of guidelines and examples of standardised reports, rectal cancer staging is still challenging on the day-to-day practice, and we believe there are three reasons. First, the normal posterior pelvic compartment anatomy and variants are not common knowledge to radiologists; second, not all rectal cancers fit in review paper models, namely the very early, the very low and the mucinous; and third, the key clinical tumour features may be tricky to analyse. In this review, we discuss the normal anatomy of the rectum and posterior compartment of the pelvis, systematise all rectal cancer staging key points and elaborate on the particularities of early, low and mucinous tumours. We also include our suggested reporting templates and a discussion of its comparison to the reporting templates provided by ESGAR and SAR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T03:03:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eaf367489ac34ea0bfa95d03d3919297 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1869-4101 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T03:03:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insights into Imaging |
| spelling | doaj.art-eaf367489ac34ea0bfa95d03d39192972022-12-21T19:55:41ZengSpringerOpenInsights into Imaging1869-41012020-09-0111112110.1186/s13244-020-00890-7MRI of rectal cancer—relevant anatomy and staging key pointsInês Santiago0Nuno Figueiredo1Oriol Parés2Celso Matos3Radiology Department, Champalimaud FoundationColorectal Surgery, Digestive Unit, Champalimaud FoundationRadiation Oncology Department, Champalimaud FoundationRadiology Department, Champalimaud FoundationAbstract Rectal cancer has the eighth highest cancer incidence worldwide, and it is increasing in young individuals. However, in countries with a high human development index, mortality is decreasing, which may reflect better patient management, imaging being key. We rely on imaging to establish the great majority of clinical tumour features for therapeutic decision-making, namely tumour location, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, circumferential resection margin status and extramural venous invasion. Despite major improvements in technique resulting in better image quality, and notwithstanding the dissemination of guidelines and examples of standardised reports, rectal cancer staging is still challenging on the day-to-day practice, and we believe there are three reasons. First, the normal posterior pelvic compartment anatomy and variants are not common knowledge to radiologists; second, not all rectal cancers fit in review paper models, namely the very early, the very low and the mucinous; and third, the key clinical tumour features may be tricky to analyse. In this review, we discuss the normal anatomy of the rectum and posterior compartment of the pelvis, systematise all rectal cancer staging key points and elaborate on the particularities of early, low and mucinous tumours. We also include our suggested reporting templates and a discussion of its comparison to the reporting templates provided by ESGAR and SAR.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13244-020-00890-7AnatomyAnatomic variantsRectumRectal cancerStagingMagnetic resonance |
| spellingShingle | Inês Santiago Nuno Figueiredo Oriol Parés Celso Matos MRI of rectal cancer—relevant anatomy and staging key points Insights into Imaging Anatomy Anatomic variants Rectum Rectal cancer Staging Magnetic resonance |
| title | MRI of rectal cancer—relevant anatomy and staging key points |
| title_full | MRI of rectal cancer—relevant anatomy and staging key points |
| title_fullStr | MRI of rectal cancer—relevant anatomy and staging key points |
| title_full_unstemmed | MRI of rectal cancer—relevant anatomy and staging key points |
| title_short | MRI of rectal cancer—relevant anatomy and staging key points |
| title_sort | mri of rectal cancer relevant anatomy and staging key points |
| topic | Anatomy Anatomic variants Rectum Rectal cancer Staging Magnetic resonance |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13244-020-00890-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT inessantiago mriofrectalcancerrelevantanatomyandstagingkeypoints AT nunofigueiredo mriofrectalcancerrelevantanatomyandstagingkeypoints AT oriolpares mriofrectalcancerrelevantanatomyandstagingkeypoints AT celsomatos mriofrectalcancerrelevantanatomyandstagingkeypoints |