Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability
It is widely accepted that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating inflammatory and immune responses of their host. In recent years, the host-microbiota interface has gained relevance in understanding the development of many non-communicable chronic conditions, including cardiovasc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/24/5361 |
| _version_ | 1797455896939331584 |
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| author | Guilherme Ramos Meyers Hanen Samouda Torsten Bohn |
| author_facet | Guilherme Ramos Meyers Hanen Samouda Torsten Bohn |
| author_sort | Guilherme Ramos Meyers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It is widely accepted that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating inflammatory and immune responses of their host. In recent years, the host-microbiota interface has gained relevance in understanding the development of many non-communicable chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Importantly, dietary fibre (DF) and associated compounds digested by the microbiota and their resulting metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), were significantly associated with health beneficial effects, such as via proposed anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, SCFA metabolic pathways are not fully understood. Major steps include production of SCFA by microbiota, uptake in the colonic epithelium, first-pass effects at the liver, followed by biodistribution and metabolism at the host’s cellular level. As dietary patterns do not affect all individuals equally, the host genetic makeup may play a role in the metabolic fate of these metabolites, in addition to other factors that might influence the microbiota, such as age, birth through caesarean, medication intake, alcohol and tobacco consumption, pathogen exposure and physical activity. In this article, we review the metabolic pathways of DF, from intake to the intracellular metabolism of fibre-derived products, and identify possible sources of inter-individual variability related to genetic variation. Such variability may be indicative of the phenotypic flexibility in response to diet, and may be predictive of long-term adaptations to dietary factors, including maladaptation and tissue damage, which may develop into disease in individuals with specific predispositions, thus allowing for a better prediction of potential health effects following personalized intervention with DF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:00:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb0740ae899e431ba012dbeae6833770 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:00:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb0740ae899e431ba012dbeae68337702023-11-24T17:09:59ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-12-011424536110.3390/nu14245361Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic VariabilityGuilherme Ramos Meyers0Hanen Samouda1Torsten Bohn2Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, LuxembourgNutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, LuxembourgNutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, LuxembourgIt is widely accepted that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating inflammatory and immune responses of their host. In recent years, the host-microbiota interface has gained relevance in understanding the development of many non-communicable chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Importantly, dietary fibre (DF) and associated compounds digested by the microbiota and their resulting metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), were significantly associated with health beneficial effects, such as via proposed anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, SCFA metabolic pathways are not fully understood. Major steps include production of SCFA by microbiota, uptake in the colonic epithelium, first-pass effects at the liver, followed by biodistribution and metabolism at the host’s cellular level. As dietary patterns do not affect all individuals equally, the host genetic makeup may play a role in the metabolic fate of these metabolites, in addition to other factors that might influence the microbiota, such as age, birth through caesarean, medication intake, alcohol and tobacco consumption, pathogen exposure and physical activity. In this article, we review the metabolic pathways of DF, from intake to the intracellular metabolism of fibre-derived products, and identify possible sources of inter-individual variability related to genetic variation. Such variability may be indicative of the phenotypic flexibility in response to diet, and may be predictive of long-term adaptations to dietary factors, including maladaptation and tissue damage, which may develop into disease in individuals with specific predispositions, thus allowing for a better prediction of potential health effects following personalized intervention with DF.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/24/5361nutrigeneticsnutrigenomicsdietary fibreshort chain fatty acidsmicrobiomesynergies |
| spellingShingle | Guilherme Ramos Meyers Hanen Samouda Torsten Bohn Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability Nutrients nutrigenetics nutrigenomics dietary fibre short chain fatty acids microbiome synergies |
| title | Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability |
| title_full | Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability |
| title_fullStr | Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability |
| title_short | Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability |
| title_sort | short chain fatty acid metabolism in relation to gut microbiota and genetic variability |
| topic | nutrigenetics nutrigenomics dietary fibre short chain fatty acids microbiome synergies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/24/5361 |
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