The non-spherical ground state of Proca stars
Spherical Proca Stars (PSs) are regarded as the ground state amongst the family of PSs. In accordance, spherical PSs are thought to have a fundamental branch of stable solutions. In this Letter, we provide energetic, morphological and dynamical evidence that spherical PSs are actually excited states...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-05-01
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| Series: | Physics Letters B |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269324001539 |
| _version_ | 1797235641135661056 |
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| author | C.A.R. Herdeiro E. Radu N. Sanchis-Gual N.M. Santos E. dos Santos Costa Filho |
| author_facet | C.A.R. Herdeiro E. Radu N. Sanchis-Gual N.M. Santos E. dos Santos Costa Filho |
| author_sort | C.A.R. Herdeiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spherical Proca Stars (PSs) are regarded as the ground state amongst the family of PSs. In accordance, spherical PSs are thought to have a fundamental branch of stable solutions. In this Letter, we provide energetic, morphological and dynamical evidence that spherical PSs are actually excited states. The ground state is shown to be a family of static, non-spherical, in fact prolate, PSs. The spherical stars in the fundamental branch, albeit stable against spherical perturbations, turn out to succumb to non-spherical dynamics, undergoing an isometry breaking into prolate PSs. We also provide evidence for the dynamical formation of prolate PSs, starting from spherical dilute initial data, via gravitational cooling. Consequently, PSs provide a remarkable example of (possibly compact) relativistic stars, in General Relativity minimally coupled to a simple, physical, field theory model, where staticity plus stability implies non-sphericity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:51:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb0fe20fd08543af94a4ec6b94ce5c5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0370-2693 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:51:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physics Letters B |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb0fe20fd08543af94a4ec6b94ce5c5b2024-03-29T05:49:32ZengElsevierPhysics Letters B0370-26932024-05-01852138595The non-spherical ground state of Proca starsC.A.R. Herdeiro0E. Radu1N. Sanchis-Gual2N.M. Santos3E. dos Santos Costa Filho4Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and CIDMA, Campus de Santiago, 3810-183 Aveiro, Portugal; Corresponding authors.Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and CIDMA, Campus de Santiago, 3810-183 Aveiro, PortugalDept. Astronomía y Astrofísica, U. València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot (València), SpainDepartamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and CIDMA, Campus de Santiago, 3810-183 Aveiro, Portugal; CENTRA, Dept. Física, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Corresponding authors.Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and CIDMA, Campus de Santiago, 3810-183 Aveiro, PortugalSpherical Proca Stars (PSs) are regarded as the ground state amongst the family of PSs. In accordance, spherical PSs are thought to have a fundamental branch of stable solutions. In this Letter, we provide energetic, morphological and dynamical evidence that spherical PSs are actually excited states. The ground state is shown to be a family of static, non-spherical, in fact prolate, PSs. The spherical stars in the fundamental branch, albeit stable against spherical perturbations, turn out to succumb to non-spherical dynamics, undergoing an isometry breaking into prolate PSs. We also provide evidence for the dynamical formation of prolate PSs, starting from spherical dilute initial data, via gravitational cooling. Consequently, PSs provide a remarkable example of (possibly compact) relativistic stars, in General Relativity minimally coupled to a simple, physical, field theory model, where staticity plus stability implies non-sphericity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269324001539 |
| spellingShingle | C.A.R. Herdeiro E. Radu N. Sanchis-Gual N.M. Santos E. dos Santos Costa Filho The non-spherical ground state of Proca stars Physics Letters B |
| title | The non-spherical ground state of Proca stars |
| title_full | The non-spherical ground state of Proca stars |
| title_fullStr | The non-spherical ground state of Proca stars |
| title_full_unstemmed | The non-spherical ground state of Proca stars |
| title_short | The non-spherical ground state of Proca stars |
| title_sort | non spherical ground state of proca stars |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269324001539 |
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