Mineral and S-Isotope Compositions of Cu-Sulfide Deposits in Southern Siberia (Kodar–Udokan Region), Russia
The Kodaro–Udokan region is a huge Cu metallogenic province in Southern Siberia, one of the largest on Earth. It contains world-class copper sandstone-hosted Udokan (Cu reserves of 26.7 Mt) and PGE-Ni-Cu Chineysky deposits related to gabbro–anorthosite pluton (Cu—10 Mt; Fe-Ti-V, 30 Gt of ore). Furth...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/14/3/228 |
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| author | Bronislav Gongalsky Tatyana Velivetskaya Vladimir Taskaev |
| author_facet | Bronislav Gongalsky Tatyana Velivetskaya Vladimir Taskaev |
| author_sort | Bronislav Gongalsky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Kodaro–Udokan region is a huge Cu metallogenic province in Southern Siberia, one of the largest on Earth. It contains world-class copper sandstone-hosted Udokan (Cu reserves of 26.7 Mt) and PGE-Ni-Cu Chineysky deposits related to gabbro–anorthosite pluton (Cu—10 Mt; Fe-Ti-V, 30 Gt of ore). Furthermore, there are many small deposits of sulfide ores in sedimentary and igneous rocks in this region as well. For many decades, their genesis has been hotly debated. We studied the mineral composition and the sulfur isotopes in several deposits located at different levels of the stratigraphic sequence and in gabbro intruded in sandstones of the Udokan complex. The differences in ore compositions were found. The Burpala and Skvoznoy deposits consisting of the chalcocite–bornite association are characterized only by negative δ<sup>34</sup>S. The δ<sup>34</sup>S values for the Udokan deposits are mostly <0 (up to −28‰). The positive δ<sup>34</sup>S data characterize the ores of the Chineysky and Luktursky intrusions. Two Cu sandstone-hosted deposits are characterized by complex ore composition, i.e., the Krasny deposit, comprising chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite ores, is enriched in Co, Ni, Bi, Sb, Mo, Pb, Zn, Se, Te, and U and has a wide range of δ<sup>34</sup>S = −8.1–+13.5‰, and the Pravoingamakitsky deposit (Basaltovy section), consisting of quartz–chalcopyrite veins, has high PGE contents in ores with δ<sup>34</sup>S = +2.9–+4.0‰. These deposits are located near the gabbro massifs, and it is supposed that their ore compositions were influenced by magmatic fluids. The general regularities of the localization of the deposits in rift zones, and the proximity of mineral and isotopic composition allow us to conclude that the main source of copper could be rocks of basic composition because only they contain high Cu contents. Fluids from deep zones could penetrate to the surface and form Cu sandstone-hosted deposits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:59:55Z |
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| id | doaj.art-eb23a2f990e64083a2bba68e02148794 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:59:55Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-eb23a2f990e64083a2bba68e021487942024-03-27T13:56:09ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2024-02-0114322810.3390/min14030228Mineral and S-Isotope Compositions of Cu-Sulfide Deposits in Southern Siberia (Kodar–Udokan Region), RussiaBronislav Gongalsky0Tatyana Velivetskaya1Vladimir Taskaev2Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS, Moscow 119991, RussiaFar East Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch, Vladivostok 690022, RussiaInstitute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS, Moscow 119991, RussiaThe Kodaro–Udokan region is a huge Cu metallogenic province in Southern Siberia, one of the largest on Earth. It contains world-class copper sandstone-hosted Udokan (Cu reserves of 26.7 Mt) and PGE-Ni-Cu Chineysky deposits related to gabbro–anorthosite pluton (Cu—10 Mt; Fe-Ti-V, 30 Gt of ore). Furthermore, there are many small deposits of sulfide ores in sedimentary and igneous rocks in this region as well. For many decades, their genesis has been hotly debated. We studied the mineral composition and the sulfur isotopes in several deposits located at different levels of the stratigraphic sequence and in gabbro intruded in sandstones of the Udokan complex. The differences in ore compositions were found. The Burpala and Skvoznoy deposits consisting of the chalcocite–bornite association are characterized only by negative δ<sup>34</sup>S. The δ<sup>34</sup>S values for the Udokan deposits are mostly <0 (up to −28‰). The positive δ<sup>34</sup>S data characterize the ores of the Chineysky and Luktursky intrusions. Two Cu sandstone-hosted deposits are characterized by complex ore composition, i.e., the Krasny deposit, comprising chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite ores, is enriched in Co, Ni, Bi, Sb, Mo, Pb, Zn, Se, Te, and U and has a wide range of δ<sup>34</sup>S = −8.1–+13.5‰, and the Pravoingamakitsky deposit (Basaltovy section), consisting of quartz–chalcopyrite veins, has high PGE contents in ores with δ<sup>34</sup>S = +2.9–+4.0‰. These deposits are located near the gabbro massifs, and it is supposed that their ore compositions were influenced by magmatic fluids. The general regularities of the localization of the deposits in rift zones, and the proximity of mineral and isotopic composition allow us to conclude that the main source of copper could be rocks of basic composition because only they contain high Cu contents. Fluids from deep zones could penetrate to the surface and form Cu sandstone-hosted deposits.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/14/3/228Cu sandstonesgabbro–anorthositeChineysky plutonS isotopeschalcopyritebornite |
| spellingShingle | Bronislav Gongalsky Tatyana Velivetskaya Vladimir Taskaev Mineral and S-Isotope Compositions of Cu-Sulfide Deposits in Southern Siberia (Kodar–Udokan Region), Russia Minerals Cu sandstones gabbro–anorthosite Chineysky pluton S isotopes chalcopyrite bornite |
| title | Mineral and S-Isotope Compositions of Cu-Sulfide Deposits in Southern Siberia (Kodar–Udokan Region), Russia |
| title_full | Mineral and S-Isotope Compositions of Cu-Sulfide Deposits in Southern Siberia (Kodar–Udokan Region), Russia |
| title_fullStr | Mineral and S-Isotope Compositions of Cu-Sulfide Deposits in Southern Siberia (Kodar–Udokan Region), Russia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mineral and S-Isotope Compositions of Cu-Sulfide Deposits in Southern Siberia (Kodar–Udokan Region), Russia |
| title_short | Mineral and S-Isotope Compositions of Cu-Sulfide Deposits in Southern Siberia (Kodar–Udokan Region), Russia |
| title_sort | mineral and s isotope compositions of cu sulfide deposits in southern siberia kodar udokan region russia |
| topic | Cu sandstones gabbro–anorthosite Chineysky pluton S isotopes chalcopyrite bornite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/14/3/228 |
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