Evaluation of the T cell and B cell response following the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in Korea
Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a worldwide concern since 2019. Vaccines are predicted to be crucial in preventing further outbreaks. The development and kinetics of immune responses determine the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: We measured interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) le...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118222001554 |
| _version_ | 1811183635956498432 |
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| author | Kristin Widyasari Jieun Jang Seungjun Lee Taejoon Kang Sunjoo Kim |
| author_facet | Kristin Widyasari Jieun Jang Seungjun Lee Taejoon Kang Sunjoo Kim |
| author_sort | Kristin Widyasari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a worldwide concern since 2019. Vaccines are predicted to be crucial in preventing further outbreaks. The development and kinetics of immune responses determine the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: We measured interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels upon administering homologous adenovirus vector-based (ChAdOx1-S [AZ], Ad26.COV2.S [JAN]), mRNA-based (BNT162b2 [PF]; mRNA-1273 [MO]), and heterologous (AZ/PF) vaccines in healthy Korean individuals using two IFN-γ release assays: the Covi-FERON ELISA and T-SPOT Discovery SARS-CoV-2 assay. B cell responses were evaluated by assessing the production of neutralizing antibodies by surrogate virus neutralization assay. The immune response among the vaccine groups was compared after adjusting the vaccination dose and interactions between each group. Results: AZ triggered the highest T cell response after the first dose but showed instability after the second. PF and MO yielded stable and higher increments of T and B cell responses compared to AZ. MO yielded a higher immune response than PF. JAN yielded T and B cell responses at lower levels than the other vaccines. The booster dose triggered significant increases in the T and B cell responses and is therefore needed to protect against SARS-CoV-2 given the possibility of waning immune responses. Conclusion: Administering two doses of mRNA vaccines provides the most effective results among the administered vaccines in triggering the immune response specific to SARS-CoV-2 in healthy Korean individuals. Administration of booster doses demonstrated a significant increase in the immune response and may provide longer protection against SARS-CoV-2. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T09:50:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb269eafb1c449128b054110eb7c8d18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1684-1182 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T09:50:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb269eafb1c449128b054110eb7c8d182022-12-22T04:30:51ZengElsevierJournal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection1684-11822022-12-0155610131024Evaluation of the T cell and B cell response following the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in KoreaKristin Widyasari0Jieun Jang1Seungjun Lee2Taejoon Kang3Sunjoo Kim4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, 51472, South KoreaGyeongnam Center for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Changwon 51154, South KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, 51472, South Korea; Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Jinju 52727, South KoreaBionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, South Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, 51472, South Korea; Gyeongnam Center for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Changwon 51154, South Korea; Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Jinju 52727, South Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang University Changwon Hospital, Samjungja-ro 11, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongnam 51472, South Korea. Fax: +82 55 214 3087.Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a worldwide concern since 2019. Vaccines are predicted to be crucial in preventing further outbreaks. The development and kinetics of immune responses determine the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: We measured interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels upon administering homologous adenovirus vector-based (ChAdOx1-S [AZ], Ad26.COV2.S [JAN]), mRNA-based (BNT162b2 [PF]; mRNA-1273 [MO]), and heterologous (AZ/PF) vaccines in healthy Korean individuals using two IFN-γ release assays: the Covi-FERON ELISA and T-SPOT Discovery SARS-CoV-2 assay. B cell responses were evaluated by assessing the production of neutralizing antibodies by surrogate virus neutralization assay. The immune response among the vaccine groups was compared after adjusting the vaccination dose and interactions between each group. Results: AZ triggered the highest T cell response after the first dose but showed instability after the second. PF and MO yielded stable and higher increments of T and B cell responses compared to AZ. MO yielded a higher immune response than PF. JAN yielded T and B cell responses at lower levels than the other vaccines. The booster dose triggered significant increases in the T and B cell responses and is therefore needed to protect against SARS-CoV-2 given the possibility of waning immune responses. Conclusion: Administering two doses of mRNA vaccines provides the most effective results among the administered vaccines in triggering the immune response specific to SARS-CoV-2 in healthy Korean individuals. Administration of booster doses demonstrated a significant increase in the immune response and may provide longer protection against SARS-CoV-2.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118222001554COVID-19VaccineBoosterInterferon-gamma (IFN-γ)Neutralizing antibody |
| spellingShingle | Kristin Widyasari Jieun Jang Seungjun Lee Taejoon Kang Sunjoo Kim Evaluation of the T cell and B cell response following the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in Korea Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) Neutralizing antibody |
| title | Evaluation of the T cell and B cell response following the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in Korea |
| title_full | Evaluation of the T cell and B cell response following the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in Korea |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the T cell and B cell response following the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the T cell and B cell response following the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in Korea |
| title_short | Evaluation of the T cell and B cell response following the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in Korea |
| title_sort | evaluation of the t cell and b cell response following the administration of covid 19 vaccines in korea |
| topic | COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) Neutralizing antibody |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118222001554 |
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