Comparison of Different Categories of Slovak Tokaj Wines in Terms of Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds
The present work deals with the characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wines from the Slovak Tokaj wine region. Studied wine samples were divided into three groups—varietal wines from registered Tokaj vine varieties, film wines Tokajské samorodné dry, and naturally sweet botrytized...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/3/669 |
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| author | Katarína Furdíková Andrea Machyňáková Tereza Drtilová Ivan Špánik |
| author_facet | Katarína Furdíková Andrea Machyňáková Tereza Drtilová Ivan Špánik |
| author_sort | Katarína Furdíková |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present work deals with the characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wines from the Slovak Tokaj wine region. Studied wine samples were divided into three groups—varietal wines from registered Tokaj vine varieties, film wines Tokajské samorodné dry, and naturally sweet botrytized wines Tokaj selections. The VOCs from wines were extracted using optimized solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HRTOF-MS). In total, 176 VOCs were identified in all 46 studied samples. It was found that the total number of VOCs in varietal wines was generally higher than in botrytized wines. All three studied categories showed characteristic VOC profiles with significant differences. Varietal wines were characterized by higher concentrations of esters and terpenoids originating from grapes. The presence of γ-octalactone, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-one, and lack of benzaldehyde were typical for Tokajské samorodné dry. Tokaj selections expressed the highest concentration of diethyl malate, benzaldehyde, and furfurals. Several interesting trends were also observed. The concentration of fermentation products was highest in varietal wines, while long-term matured Tokaj special wines were typified by the presence of compounds related to noble-rotten raisins (2-phenylacetaldehyde, ethyl 2-phenylacetate, and 2-phenylethanol), wood (<i>cis</i>-whisky lactone), and aging (1,1,6-trimethyl-2H-naphthalene, furfural, and 5-methylfurfural). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T21:13:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb2817ea2cbf4034bdf90134152619d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T21:13:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb2817ea2cbf4034bdf90134152619d42022-12-22T00:50:38ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-02-0125366910.3390/molecules25030669molecules25030669Comparison of Different Categories of Slovak Tokaj Wines in Terms of Profiles of Volatile Organic CompoundsKatarína Furdíková0Andrea Machyňáková1Tereza Drtilová2Ivan Špánik3Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Analytical Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Analytical Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, SlovakiaThe present work deals with the characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wines from the Slovak Tokaj wine region. Studied wine samples were divided into three groups—varietal wines from registered Tokaj vine varieties, film wines Tokajské samorodné dry, and naturally sweet botrytized wines Tokaj selections. The VOCs from wines were extracted using optimized solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HRTOF-MS). In total, 176 VOCs were identified in all 46 studied samples. It was found that the total number of VOCs in varietal wines was generally higher than in botrytized wines. All three studied categories showed characteristic VOC profiles with significant differences. Varietal wines were characterized by higher concentrations of esters and terpenoids originating from grapes. The presence of γ-octalactone, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-one, and lack of benzaldehyde were typical for Tokajské samorodné dry. Tokaj selections expressed the highest concentration of diethyl malate, benzaldehyde, and furfurals. Several interesting trends were also observed. The concentration of fermentation products was highest in varietal wines, while long-term matured Tokaj special wines were typified by the presence of compounds related to noble-rotten raisins (2-phenylacetaldehyde, ethyl 2-phenylacetate, and 2-phenylethanol), wood (<i>cis</i>-whisky lactone), and aging (1,1,6-trimethyl-2H-naphthalene, furfural, and 5-methylfurfural).https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/3/669tokajcomprehensive gas chromatographyhigh-resolution mass spectrometrywinemaking technologies |
| spellingShingle | Katarína Furdíková Andrea Machyňáková Tereza Drtilová Ivan Špánik Comparison of Different Categories of Slovak Tokaj Wines in Terms of Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds Molecules tokaj comprehensive gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry winemaking technologies |
| title | Comparison of Different Categories of Slovak Tokaj Wines in Terms of Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds |
| title_full | Comparison of Different Categories of Slovak Tokaj Wines in Terms of Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Different Categories of Slovak Tokaj Wines in Terms of Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Different Categories of Slovak Tokaj Wines in Terms of Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds |
| title_short | Comparison of Different Categories of Slovak Tokaj Wines in Terms of Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds |
| title_sort | comparison of different categories of slovak tokaj wines in terms of profiles of volatile organic compounds |
| topic | tokaj comprehensive gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry winemaking technologies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/3/669 |
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