Mechanisms of increasing predation by planktivorous fish with rising temperature may explain the temperature–body size relationships in zooplankton
The temperature–size rule (TSR) has been consistently observed in numerous studies, showing that ectotherms reared at higher temperatures experience accelerated growth during the juvenile stage and ultimately reach smaller sizes and younger ages at maturity. One explanation for this response is that...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2023.1187404/full |
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| author | Piotr Maszczyk Wojciech Wilczynski Wojciech Wilczynski Z. Maciej Gliwicz Konrad Leniowski Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski Jae-Seong Lee Ewa Babkiewicz Ewa Babkiewicz |
| author_facet | Piotr Maszczyk Wojciech Wilczynski Wojciech Wilczynski Z. Maciej Gliwicz Konrad Leniowski Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski Jae-Seong Lee Ewa Babkiewicz Ewa Babkiewicz |
| author_sort | Piotr Maszczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The temperature–size rule (TSR) has been consistently observed in numerous studies, showing that ectotherms reared at higher temperatures experience accelerated growth during the juvenile stage and ultimately reach smaller sizes and younger ages at maturity. One explanation for this response is that it occurs when the effect of temperature on mortality, including predation, outweighs its effect on food intake and metabolism. While several studies have found that the latter effect is close to the expected result based on the Q10 = 2 assumption, confirmation of this hypothesis requires evidence that the effect of temperature on mortality exceeds the Q10 = 2 threshold. To test this hypothesis, we conducted experiments with two fish species: rudd and Malabar danio. We examined the capture rate, which serves as a proxy for mortality, as well as the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and several parameters characterising the mobility of the fish and their planktonic prey (Daphnia) at different temperatures. The results strongly supported our hypothesis, as the capture rate increased significantly more than expected based on the Q10 = 2 assumption, especially for the danio. This substantial effect cannot be attributed solely to the thermal sensitivity of the SMR, as the Q10 for the SMR was only around 2. The most likely explanation seems to be a much more pronounced increase in the fish’s mobility and resulting reaction field volume compared to its planktonic prey at elevated temperatures. This increased mobility leads to an improved attack rate by the fish, which exceeds the prediction made by the Q10 = 2 assumption. This mechanism may explain not only the TSR pattern in zooplankton, but also their reduced mean body size and density at population and community levels at elevated temperatures, and may hypothetically be observed at other predator–prey interfaces. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:38:14Z |
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| id | doaj.art-eb3ff4e405b94b07a9fc4a2809535a55 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:38:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb3ff4e405b94b07a9fc4a2809535a552023-07-15T05:17:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2023-07-011110.3389/fevo.2023.11874041187404Mechanisms of increasing predation by planktivorous fish with rising temperature may explain the temperature–body size relationships in zooplanktonPiotr Maszczyk0Wojciech Wilczynski1Wojciech Wilczynski2Z. Maciej Gliwicz3Konrad Leniowski4Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski5Jae-Seong Lee6Ewa Babkiewicz7Ewa Babkiewicz8Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Hydrobiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Hydrobiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Biology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Hydrobiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Hydrobiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandBiological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandThe temperature–size rule (TSR) has been consistently observed in numerous studies, showing that ectotherms reared at higher temperatures experience accelerated growth during the juvenile stage and ultimately reach smaller sizes and younger ages at maturity. One explanation for this response is that it occurs when the effect of temperature on mortality, including predation, outweighs its effect on food intake and metabolism. While several studies have found that the latter effect is close to the expected result based on the Q10 = 2 assumption, confirmation of this hypothesis requires evidence that the effect of temperature on mortality exceeds the Q10 = 2 threshold. To test this hypothesis, we conducted experiments with two fish species: rudd and Malabar danio. We examined the capture rate, which serves as a proxy for mortality, as well as the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and several parameters characterising the mobility of the fish and their planktonic prey (Daphnia) at different temperatures. The results strongly supported our hypothesis, as the capture rate increased significantly more than expected based on the Q10 = 2 assumption, especially for the danio. This substantial effect cannot be attributed solely to the thermal sensitivity of the SMR, as the Q10 for the SMR was only around 2. The most likely explanation seems to be a much more pronounced increase in the fish’s mobility and resulting reaction field volume compared to its planktonic prey at elevated temperatures. This increased mobility leads to an improved attack rate by the fish, which exceeds the prediction made by the Q10 = 2 assumption. This mechanism may explain not only the TSR pattern in zooplankton, but also their reduced mean body size and density at population and community levels at elevated temperatures, and may hypothetically be observed at other predator–prey interfaces.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2023.1187404/fullbody velocityconsumer–resource interactionglobal warmingmetabolic ratepredation risktemperature coefficient |
| spellingShingle | Piotr Maszczyk Wojciech Wilczynski Wojciech Wilczynski Z. Maciej Gliwicz Konrad Leniowski Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski Jae-Seong Lee Ewa Babkiewicz Ewa Babkiewicz Mechanisms of increasing predation by planktivorous fish with rising temperature may explain the temperature–body size relationships in zooplankton Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution body velocity consumer–resource interaction global warming metabolic rate predation risk temperature coefficient |
| title | Mechanisms of increasing predation by planktivorous fish with rising temperature may explain the temperature–body size relationships in zooplankton |
| title_full | Mechanisms of increasing predation by planktivorous fish with rising temperature may explain the temperature–body size relationships in zooplankton |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of increasing predation by planktivorous fish with rising temperature may explain the temperature–body size relationships in zooplankton |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of increasing predation by planktivorous fish with rising temperature may explain the temperature–body size relationships in zooplankton |
| title_short | Mechanisms of increasing predation by planktivorous fish with rising temperature may explain the temperature–body size relationships in zooplankton |
| title_sort | mechanisms of increasing predation by planktivorous fish with rising temperature may explain the temperature body size relationships in zooplankton |
| topic | body velocity consumer–resource interaction global warming metabolic rate predation risk temperature coefficient |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2023.1187404/full |
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