Demand–Response Control of Electric Storage Water Heaters Based on Dynamic Electricity Pricing and Comfort Optimization
Electric Storage Water Heaters (ESWH) are a widespread solution to supply domestic hot water (DHW) to dwellings and other applications. The working principle of these units makes them a great resource for peak shaving, which is particularly important due to the level of penetration renewable energie...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/10/4104 |
| _version_ | 1827741492045676544 |
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| author | Ángel Á. Pardiñas Pablo Durán Gómez Fernando Echevarría Camarero Pablo Carrasco Ortega |
| author_facet | Ángel Á. Pardiñas Pablo Durán Gómez Fernando Echevarría Camarero Pablo Carrasco Ortega |
| author_sort | Ángel Á. Pardiñas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electric Storage Water Heaters (ESWH) are a widespread solution to supply domestic hot water (DHW) to dwellings and other applications. The working principle of these units makes them a great resource for peak shaving, which is particularly important due to the level of penetration renewable energies are achieving and their intermittent nature. Renewable energy deployment in the electricity market translates into large electricity price fluctuations throughout the day for individual users. The purpose of this study was to find a demand–response strategy for the activation of the heating element based on a multiobjective minimization of electricity cost and user discomfort, assuming a known DHW consumption profile. An experimentally validated numerical model was used to perform an evaluation of the potential savings with the demand–response optimized strategy compared to a thermostat-based approach. Results showed that cost savings of approximately 12% can be achieved on a yearly basis, while even improving user thermal comfort. Moreover, increasing the ESWH volume would allow (i) more aggressive demand–response strategies in terms of cost savings, and (ii) higher level of uncertainty in the DHW consumption profile, without detriment to discomfort. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:47:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb3ffcf97e3f469c9592738137e397c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:47:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb3ffcf97e3f469c9592738137e397c32023-11-18T01:12:56ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-05-011610410410.3390/en16104104Demand–Response Control of Electric Storage Water Heaters Based on Dynamic Electricity Pricing and Comfort OptimizationÁngel Á. Pardiñas0Pablo Durán Gómez1Fernando Echevarría Camarero2Pablo Carrasco Ortega3Energy Division, Galicia Institute of Technology, 15003 A Coruña, SpainEnergy Division, Galicia Institute of Technology, 15003 A Coruña, SpainEnergy Division, Galicia Institute of Technology, 15003 A Coruña, SpainEnergy Division, Galicia Institute of Technology, 15003 A Coruña, SpainElectric Storage Water Heaters (ESWH) are a widespread solution to supply domestic hot water (DHW) to dwellings and other applications. The working principle of these units makes them a great resource for peak shaving, which is particularly important due to the level of penetration renewable energies are achieving and their intermittent nature. Renewable energy deployment in the electricity market translates into large electricity price fluctuations throughout the day for individual users. The purpose of this study was to find a demand–response strategy for the activation of the heating element based on a multiobjective minimization of electricity cost and user discomfort, assuming a known DHW consumption profile. An experimentally validated numerical model was used to perform an evaluation of the potential savings with the demand–response optimized strategy compared to a thermostat-based approach. Results showed that cost savings of approximately 12% can be achieved on a yearly basis, while even improving user thermal comfort. Moreover, increasing the ESWH volume would allow (i) more aggressive demand–response strategies in terms of cost savings, and (ii) higher level of uncertainty in the DHW consumption profile, without detriment to discomfort.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/10/4104Electric Storage Water Heaterdemand responseoptimizationthermal comfortdomestic hot water |
| spellingShingle | Ángel Á. Pardiñas Pablo Durán Gómez Fernando Echevarría Camarero Pablo Carrasco Ortega Demand–Response Control of Electric Storage Water Heaters Based on Dynamic Electricity Pricing and Comfort Optimization Energies Electric Storage Water Heater demand response optimization thermal comfort domestic hot water |
| title | Demand–Response Control of Electric Storage Water Heaters Based on Dynamic Electricity Pricing and Comfort Optimization |
| title_full | Demand–Response Control of Electric Storage Water Heaters Based on Dynamic Electricity Pricing and Comfort Optimization |
| title_fullStr | Demand–Response Control of Electric Storage Water Heaters Based on Dynamic Electricity Pricing and Comfort Optimization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demand–Response Control of Electric Storage Water Heaters Based on Dynamic Electricity Pricing and Comfort Optimization |
| title_short | Demand–Response Control of Electric Storage Water Heaters Based on Dynamic Electricity Pricing and Comfort Optimization |
| title_sort | demand response control of electric storage water heaters based on dynamic electricity pricing and comfort optimization |
| topic | Electric Storage Water Heater demand response optimization thermal comfort domestic hot water |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/10/4104 |
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