| Summary: | Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, asthma prevalence has steadily risen since the 1980s. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we investigated associations between milk consumption and pulmonary function (PF). Multivariable analyses were performed, adjusted for <i>a priori</i> potential confounders for lung function, within the eligible total adult population (<i>n</i> = 11,131) and those self-reporting asthma (<i>n</i> = 1,542), included the following variables: milk-consumption, asthma diagnosis, forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC%-predicted (%), forced expiratory volume in one-second (FEV<sub>1</sub>), FEV<sub>1</sub>% and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC. Within the total population, FEV<sub>1</sub>% and FVC% were significantly associated with regular (5+ days weekly) consumption of exclusively 1% milk in the prior 30-days (β:1.81; 95% CI: [0.297, 3.325]; <i>p</i> = 0.020 and β:1.27; [0.16, 3.22]; <i>p</i> = 0.046). Among participants with asthma, varied-regular milk consumption in a lifetime was significantly associated with FVC (β:127.3; 95% CI: [13.1, 241.4]; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and FVC% (β:2.62; 95% CI: [0.44, 4.80]; <i>p</i> = 0.006). No association between milk consumption and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC was found, while milk-type had variable influence and significance. Taken together, we found certain milk consumption tendencies were associated with pulmonary function values among normal and asthmatic populations. These findings propound future investigations into the potential role of dairy consumption in altering lung function and asthma outcomes, with potential impact on the protection and maintenance of pulmonary health.
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