Research and Conceptual Design of Sensor Fusion for Object Detection in Dense Smoke Environments
In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for a sensor fusion system that can detect objects in a dense smoke environment with a visibility of less than 1 m. Based on the review of several articles, we determined that by using a single thermal IR camera, a single Frequency-Modulated Continuou...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/22/11325 |
| _version_ | 1827645175293280256 |
|---|---|
| author | Bongsu Hahn |
| author_facet | Bongsu Hahn |
| author_sort | Bongsu Hahn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for a sensor fusion system that can detect objects in a dense smoke environment with a visibility of less than 1 m. Based on the review of several articles, we determined that by using a single thermal IR camera, a single Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar, and multiple ultrasonic sensors simultaneously, the system can overcome the challenges of detecting objects in dense smoke. The four detailed methods proposed are as follows: First, a 3D ultrasonic sensor system that detects the 3D position of an object at a short distance and is not affected by temperature change/gradient; Second, detecting and classifying objects such as walls, stairs, and other obstacles using a thermal IR camera; Third, a 2D radial distance measurement method for a distant object using an FMCW radar; Fourth, sensor fusion for 3D position visualization of multiple objects using a thermal IR camera, 3D ultrasonic sensor system, and FMCW radar. Finally, a conceptual design is presented based on the proposed methodologies, and their theoretical usefulness is discussed. The framework is intended to motivate future research on the development of a sensor fusion system for object detection in dense smoke environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:30:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb44d6131b224f7b94e1727810dd7003 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:30:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb44d6131b224f7b94e1727810dd70032023-11-24T07:33:29ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-11-0112221132510.3390/app122211325Research and Conceptual Design of Sensor Fusion for Object Detection in Dense Smoke EnvironmentsBongsu Hahn0School of Mechanical Automotive Engineering, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, KoreaIn this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for a sensor fusion system that can detect objects in a dense smoke environment with a visibility of less than 1 m. Based on the review of several articles, we determined that by using a single thermal IR camera, a single Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar, and multiple ultrasonic sensors simultaneously, the system can overcome the challenges of detecting objects in dense smoke. The four detailed methods proposed are as follows: First, a 3D ultrasonic sensor system that detects the 3D position of an object at a short distance and is not affected by temperature change/gradient; Second, detecting and classifying objects such as walls, stairs, and other obstacles using a thermal IR camera; Third, a 2D radial distance measurement method for a distant object using an FMCW radar; Fourth, sensor fusion for 3D position visualization of multiple objects using a thermal IR camera, 3D ultrasonic sensor system, and FMCW radar. Finally, a conceptual design is presented based on the proposed methodologies, and their theoretical usefulness is discussed. The framework is intended to motivate future research on the development of a sensor fusion system for object detection in dense smoke environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/22/11325sensor fusiondense smokethermal IR cameraultrasonic sensorFMCW radar |
| spellingShingle | Bongsu Hahn Research and Conceptual Design of Sensor Fusion for Object Detection in Dense Smoke Environments Applied Sciences sensor fusion dense smoke thermal IR camera ultrasonic sensor FMCW radar |
| title | Research and Conceptual Design of Sensor Fusion for Object Detection in Dense Smoke Environments |
| title_full | Research and Conceptual Design of Sensor Fusion for Object Detection in Dense Smoke Environments |
| title_fullStr | Research and Conceptual Design of Sensor Fusion for Object Detection in Dense Smoke Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research and Conceptual Design of Sensor Fusion for Object Detection in Dense Smoke Environments |
| title_short | Research and Conceptual Design of Sensor Fusion for Object Detection in Dense Smoke Environments |
| title_sort | research and conceptual design of sensor fusion for object detection in dense smoke environments |
| topic | sensor fusion dense smoke thermal IR camera ultrasonic sensor FMCW radar |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/22/11325 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bongsuhahn researchandconceptualdesignofsensorfusionforobjectdetectionindensesmokeenvironments |