Genetic Evaluation of Ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Using Nuclear Microsatellite Markers
As a precious and rare genetic resource, ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) has important scientific, cultural and historical value. The ancient temples and royal cemeteries in the middle reaches of the Yellow River contain the most concentrated and abundant distribu...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1616 |
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| author | Bei Cui Ping Deng Linghong Tian Qingqi Wang Sheng Zhang Zhong Zhao |
| author_facet | Bei Cui Ping Deng Linghong Tian Qingqi Wang Sheng Zhang Zhong Zhao |
| author_sort | Bei Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a precious and rare genetic resource, ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) has important scientific, cultural and historical value. The ancient temples and royal cemeteries in the middle reaches of the Yellow River contain the most concentrated and abundant distributions of ancient <i>P. orientalis</i>. Due to unfavorable conditions, the genetic resources of ancient trees are facing great threats and challenges; thus, it is urgent to strengthen the evaluation of the genetic resources of ancient <i>P. orientalis</i>. In this study, we used nine polymorphic nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSRs) to evaluate the genetic resources of 221 individuals in 19 ancient <i>P. orientalis</i> populations in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. These selected polymorphic nSSR loci can be used reliably and rapidly in <i>P. orientalis</i> genetic studies. Our study showed that the 19 ancient <i>P. orientalis</i> populations have high genetic diversity (mean <i>H</i> = 0.562, <i>H</i>e = 0.377). High historical gene flow (mean <i>N</i>m = 1.179) and high genetic differentiation (mean <i>F</i>st = 0.184) were observed in the ancient <i>P. orientalis</i> population. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that higher genetic variation existed within populations (93%) rather than among populations (7%). The genetic structures showed that the 19 populations were divided into two groups. The Mantel test and neighbor-joining (NJ) tree analysis showed no geographical distribution characteristics among populations, which may indicate a history of transplanting by ancient humans. Our research provides a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of ancient <i>P. orientalis</i> germplasm resources and exploration of the historical origin and genetic relationships among the populations of <i>P. orientalis</i> on a large scale in the future. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:07:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb52a1b05e854672ba6bc2c7c6f9ddf12023-11-23T08:19:57ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-11-011212161610.3390/f12121616Genetic Evaluation of Ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Using Nuclear Microsatellite MarkersBei Cui0Ping Deng1Linghong Tian2Qingqi Wang3Sheng Zhang4Zhong Zhao5Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaKey Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaKey Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaKey Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaKey Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaKey Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaAs a precious and rare genetic resource, ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) has important scientific, cultural and historical value. The ancient temples and royal cemeteries in the middle reaches of the Yellow River contain the most concentrated and abundant distributions of ancient <i>P. orientalis</i>. Due to unfavorable conditions, the genetic resources of ancient trees are facing great threats and challenges; thus, it is urgent to strengthen the evaluation of the genetic resources of ancient <i>P. orientalis</i>. In this study, we used nine polymorphic nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSRs) to evaluate the genetic resources of 221 individuals in 19 ancient <i>P. orientalis</i> populations in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. These selected polymorphic nSSR loci can be used reliably and rapidly in <i>P. orientalis</i> genetic studies. Our study showed that the 19 ancient <i>P. orientalis</i> populations have high genetic diversity (mean <i>H</i> = 0.562, <i>H</i>e = 0.377). High historical gene flow (mean <i>N</i>m = 1.179) and high genetic differentiation (mean <i>F</i>st = 0.184) were observed in the ancient <i>P. orientalis</i> population. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that higher genetic variation existed within populations (93%) rather than among populations (7%). The genetic structures showed that the 19 populations were divided into two groups. The Mantel test and neighbor-joining (NJ) tree analysis showed no geographical distribution characteristics among populations, which may indicate a history of transplanting by ancient humans. Our research provides a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of ancient <i>P. orientalis</i> germplasm resources and exploration of the historical origin and genetic relationships among the populations of <i>P. orientalis</i> on a large scale in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1616<i>Platycladus orientalis</i>ancient treesnSSR markergenetic diversitypopulation structureconservation |
| spellingShingle | Bei Cui Ping Deng Linghong Tian Qingqi Wang Sheng Zhang Zhong Zhao Genetic Evaluation of Ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Using Nuclear Microsatellite Markers Forests <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> ancient trees nSSR marker genetic diversity population structure conservation |
| title | Genetic Evaluation of Ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Using Nuclear Microsatellite Markers |
| title_full | Genetic Evaluation of Ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Using Nuclear Microsatellite Markers |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Evaluation of Ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Using Nuclear Microsatellite Markers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Evaluation of Ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Using Nuclear Microsatellite Markers |
| title_short | Genetic Evaluation of Ancient <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> L. (Cupressaceae) in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Using Nuclear Microsatellite Markers |
| title_sort | genetic evaluation of ancient i platycladus orientalis i l cupressaceae in the middle reaches of the yellow river using nuclear microsatellite markers |
| topic | <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> ancient trees nSSR marker genetic diversity population structure conservation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1616 |
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