Evaluation of Cocoa Beans Shell Powder as a Bioadsorbent of Congo Red Dye Aqueous Solutions
The use of synthetic dyes in the textile, leather, and paper industries is a source of groundwater pollution around the world. There are different methods for the treatment of wastewater that has been contaminated with dyes, among which adsorption with agro-industrial wastes is gaining relevance. In...
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2021-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/2763 |
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| author | Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellano Juan Barajas-Fernández Ricardo García-Alamilla Laura Mercedes Lagunes-Gálvez Antonio Hilario Lara-Rivera Pedro García-Alamilla |
| author_facet | Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellano Juan Barajas-Fernández Ricardo García-Alamilla Laura Mercedes Lagunes-Gálvez Antonio Hilario Lara-Rivera Pedro García-Alamilla |
| author_sort | Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of synthetic dyes in the textile, leather, and paper industries is a source of groundwater pollution around the world. There are different methods for the treatment of wastewater that has been contaminated with dyes, among which adsorption with agro-industrial wastes is gaining relevance. In the present study, the adsorption capacity of cocoa bean shell powder was evaluated when it was used as a bioadsorbent for Congo red dye in an aqueous medium. A 2<sup>4</sup> central factorial design with central and axial points was proposed to determine the adsorption capacity. The factors that were studied were the adsorbent (0.06–0.15 g), Congo red (40–120 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), pH (3–11), and time (4–36 h). The bioadsorbent was characterized through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the factors on the adsorption capacity for Congo red using cocoa bean shell were nonlinear, and they were modeled with a second-order polynomial (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.84. The bioadsorbent obtained a maximum adsorption of 89.96% in runs. The process of optimization by using the surface response allowed the maximization of the adsorption, and the validation showed that 95.79% adsorption of the dye was obtained. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:07:50Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:07:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb5a43747b9246628fdc1b5e404d490c2023-11-21T21:01:30ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-05-011411276310.3390/ma14112763Evaluation of Cocoa Beans Shell Powder as a Bioadsorbent of Congo Red Dye Aqueous SolutionsGabriela Rodríguez-Arellano0Juan Barajas-Fernández1Ricardo García-Alamilla2Laura Mercedes Lagunes-Gálvez3Antonio Hilario Lara-Rivera4Pedro García-Alamilla5Academic División of Engineering and Architecture (DAIA), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa KM. 1, Col. La Esmeralda, Cunduacán C.P. 86690, Tabasco, MexicoAcademic División of Engineering and Architecture (DAIA), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa KM. 1, Col. La Esmeralda, Cunduacán C.P. 86690, Tabasco, MexicoNational Technological Institute of Mexico/I.T.CD. Madero, Petrochemical Research Center, Prol. Bahía de Aldahir y Av. De las Bahías, Parque de la Pequeña y Mediana Industria, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, MexicoAcademic División of Agriculture Science (DACA), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa km. 25, Ranchería La Huasteca 2da. Sección, Centro C.P. 86280, Tabasco, MexicoCenter of Agricultural Technological Baccalaureate no. 293, “Ing. Edmundo Taboada Ramírez”, Zapotlán El Grande, Jalisco, Carretera Ciudad Guzmán-El Grullo km. 105, Parque Industrial Zapotlán 2000, Ciudad Guzmán C.P. 49000, Jalisco, MexicoAcademic División of Agriculture Science (DACA), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa km. 25, Ranchería La Huasteca 2da. Sección, Centro C.P. 86280, Tabasco, MexicoThe use of synthetic dyes in the textile, leather, and paper industries is a source of groundwater pollution around the world. There are different methods for the treatment of wastewater that has been contaminated with dyes, among which adsorption with agro-industrial wastes is gaining relevance. In the present study, the adsorption capacity of cocoa bean shell powder was evaluated when it was used as a bioadsorbent for Congo red dye in an aqueous medium. A 2<sup>4</sup> central factorial design with central and axial points was proposed to determine the adsorption capacity. The factors that were studied were the adsorbent (0.06–0.15 g), Congo red (40–120 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), pH (3–11), and time (4–36 h). The bioadsorbent was characterized through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the factors on the adsorption capacity for Congo red using cocoa bean shell were nonlinear, and they were modeled with a second-order polynomial (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.84. The bioadsorbent obtained a maximum adsorption of 89.96% in runs. The process of optimization by using the surface response allowed the maximization of the adsorption, and the validation showed that 95.79% adsorption of the dye was obtained.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/2763environmental impactdye degradationbioadsorbentcocoa bean shellCongo red adsorptionresponse surface methodology |
| spellingShingle | Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellano Juan Barajas-Fernández Ricardo García-Alamilla Laura Mercedes Lagunes-Gálvez Antonio Hilario Lara-Rivera Pedro García-Alamilla Evaluation of Cocoa Beans Shell Powder as a Bioadsorbent of Congo Red Dye Aqueous Solutions Materials environmental impact dye degradation bioadsorbent cocoa bean shell Congo red adsorption response surface methodology |
| title | Evaluation of Cocoa Beans Shell Powder as a Bioadsorbent of Congo Red Dye Aqueous Solutions |
| title_full | Evaluation of Cocoa Beans Shell Powder as a Bioadsorbent of Congo Red Dye Aqueous Solutions |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Cocoa Beans Shell Powder as a Bioadsorbent of Congo Red Dye Aqueous Solutions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Cocoa Beans Shell Powder as a Bioadsorbent of Congo Red Dye Aqueous Solutions |
| title_short | Evaluation of Cocoa Beans Shell Powder as a Bioadsorbent of Congo Red Dye Aqueous Solutions |
| title_sort | evaluation of cocoa beans shell powder as a bioadsorbent of congo red dye aqueous solutions |
| topic | environmental impact dye degradation bioadsorbent cocoa bean shell Congo red adsorption response surface methodology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/2763 |
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