Occurrence of Aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> in Milk and Dairy Products Traded in São Paulo, Brazil: An Update
The aim of this study was to conduct an up-to-date investigation on the occurrence levels of aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> (AFM<sub>1</sub>) in samples of raw milk (<i>n</i> = 40), pasteurized milk (<i>n</i> = 44), ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk (<i>...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Dairy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/3/4/57 |
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| author | Carlos Humberto Corassin Aline Borowsky Sher Ali Roice Eliana Rosim Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira |
| author_facet | Carlos Humberto Corassin Aline Borowsky Sher Ali Roice Eliana Rosim Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira |
| author_sort | Carlos Humberto Corassin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to conduct an up-to-date investigation on the occurrence levels of aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> (AFM<sub>1</sub>) in samples of raw milk (<i>n</i> = 40), pasteurized milk (<i>n</i> = 44), ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk (<i>n</i> = 27), Minas cheese (<i>n</i> = 57), and yogurt (<i>n</i> = 44) traded in São Paulo state, Brazil. AFM<sub>1</sub> was extracted from fluid milks and dairy products using immunoaffinity columns and determined by high performance liquid chromatography. AFM<sub>1</sub> was detected at the mean level of 0.080 ± 0.071 µg/L or kg in 72 samples (34.0%) evaluated in the study (<i>n</i> = 212). Detectable levels of AFM<sub>1</sub> were observed in five samples of raw milk (12.5%), 16 samples of pasteurized milk (36.4%), 13 samples of UHT milk (48.1%), 27 samples of cheese (47.4%), and 11 samples of yogurt (25.0%), although none of them had concentrations above the maximum permitted levels (MPL) for AFM<sub>1</sub> adopted in Brazil. However, 11.7% (<i>n</i> = 13) of samples of raw, pasteurized, and UHT milks would have AFM<sub>1</sub> concentrations above the MPL of 0.05 μg/L adopted in the EU. The maximum level was detected in one cheese sample containing 0.695 µg/kg. Although none of the samples exceeded the Brazilian MPL, the high frequencies of AFM<sub>1</sub> in Brazilian milk products warrant concern about their contribution to the human exposure to aflatoxins. Because aflatoxins are among the most potent carcinogens known, the results of this trial stress the need for stringent measures in the milk production system to avoid AFM<sub>1</sub> in milk and derived products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:09:51Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-862X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:09:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Dairy |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb5c40630311490592fbf07d033ac46c2023-11-24T14:13:40ZengMDPI AGDairy2624-862X2022-11-013484284810.3390/dairy3040057Occurrence of Aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> in Milk and Dairy Products Traded in São Paulo, Brazil: An UpdateCarlos Humberto Corassin0Aline Borowsky1Sher Ali2Roice Eliana Rosim3Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira4Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, BrazilLuiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13635-900, SP, BrazilFaculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, BrazilFaculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, BrazilFaculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, BrazilThe aim of this study was to conduct an up-to-date investigation on the occurrence levels of aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> (AFM<sub>1</sub>) in samples of raw milk (<i>n</i> = 40), pasteurized milk (<i>n</i> = 44), ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk (<i>n</i> = 27), Minas cheese (<i>n</i> = 57), and yogurt (<i>n</i> = 44) traded in São Paulo state, Brazil. AFM<sub>1</sub> was extracted from fluid milks and dairy products using immunoaffinity columns and determined by high performance liquid chromatography. AFM<sub>1</sub> was detected at the mean level of 0.080 ± 0.071 µg/L or kg in 72 samples (34.0%) evaluated in the study (<i>n</i> = 212). Detectable levels of AFM<sub>1</sub> were observed in five samples of raw milk (12.5%), 16 samples of pasteurized milk (36.4%), 13 samples of UHT milk (48.1%), 27 samples of cheese (47.4%), and 11 samples of yogurt (25.0%), although none of them had concentrations above the maximum permitted levels (MPL) for AFM<sub>1</sub> adopted in Brazil. However, 11.7% (<i>n</i> = 13) of samples of raw, pasteurized, and UHT milks would have AFM<sub>1</sub> concentrations above the MPL of 0.05 μg/L adopted in the EU. The maximum level was detected in one cheese sample containing 0.695 µg/kg. Although none of the samples exceeded the Brazilian MPL, the high frequencies of AFM<sub>1</sub> in Brazilian milk products warrant concern about their contribution to the human exposure to aflatoxins. Because aflatoxins are among the most potent carcinogens known, the results of this trial stress the need for stringent measures in the milk production system to avoid AFM<sub>1</sub> in milk and derived products.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/3/4/57AFM<sub>1</sub>analysismilk products |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Humberto Corassin Aline Borowsky Sher Ali Roice Eliana Rosim Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira Occurrence of Aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> in Milk and Dairy Products Traded in São Paulo, Brazil: An Update Dairy AFM<sub>1</sub> analysis milk products |
| title | Occurrence of Aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> in Milk and Dairy Products Traded in São Paulo, Brazil: An Update |
| title_full | Occurrence of Aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> in Milk and Dairy Products Traded in São Paulo, Brazil: An Update |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence of Aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> in Milk and Dairy Products Traded in São Paulo, Brazil: An Update |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of Aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> in Milk and Dairy Products Traded in São Paulo, Brazil: An Update |
| title_short | Occurrence of Aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> in Milk and Dairy Products Traded in São Paulo, Brazil: An Update |
| title_sort | occurrence of aflatoxin m sub 1 sub in milk and dairy products traded in sao paulo brazil an update |
| topic | AFM<sub>1</sub> analysis milk products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/3/4/57 |
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