Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice
Abstract Artificial spin-ices consist of lithographic arrays of single-domain magnetic nanowires organised into frustrated lattices. These geometries are usually two-dimensional, allowing a direct exploration of physics associated with frustration, topology and emergence. Recently, three-dimensional...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Communications Physics |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01338-2 |
| _version_ | 1797559215441575936 |
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| author | Michael Saccone Arjen Van den Berg Edward Harding Shobhna Singh Sean R. Giblin Felix Flicker Sam Ladak |
| author_facet | Michael Saccone Arjen Van den Berg Edward Harding Shobhna Singh Sean R. Giblin Felix Flicker Sam Ladak |
| author_sort | Michael Saccone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Artificial spin-ices consist of lithographic arrays of single-domain magnetic nanowires organised into frustrated lattices. These geometries are usually two-dimensional, allowing a direct exploration of physics associated with frustration, topology and emergence. Recently, three-dimensional geometries have been realised, in which transport of emergent monopoles can be directly visualised upon the surface. Here we carry out an exploration of the three-dimensional artificial spin-ice phase diagram, whereby dipoles are placed within a diamond-bond lattice geometry. We find a rich phase diagram, consisting of a double-charged monopole crystal, a single-charged monopole crystal and conventional spin-ice with pinch points associated with a Coulomb phase. In experimental demagnetised systems, broken symmetry forces formation of ferromagnetic stripes upon the surface, forbidding the lower energy double-charged monopole crystal. Instead, we observe crystallites of single magnetic charge, superimposed upon an ice background. The crystallites are found to form due to the distribution of magnetic charge around the 3D vertex, which locally favours monopole formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:42:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb624a991ead4694acf838f4d3539bbc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2399-3650 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:42:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Communications Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb624a991ead4694acf838f4d3539bbc2023-11-20T09:39:59ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Physics2399-36502023-08-01611910.1038/s42005-023-01338-2Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-iceMichael Saccone0Arjen Van den Berg1Edward Harding2Shobhna Singh3Sean R. Giblin4Felix Flicker5Sam Ladak6Center for Nonlinear Studies and Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National LaboratorySchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The ParadeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The ParadeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The ParadeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The ParadeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The ParadeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The ParadeAbstract Artificial spin-ices consist of lithographic arrays of single-domain magnetic nanowires organised into frustrated lattices. These geometries are usually two-dimensional, allowing a direct exploration of physics associated with frustration, topology and emergence. Recently, three-dimensional geometries have been realised, in which transport of emergent monopoles can be directly visualised upon the surface. Here we carry out an exploration of the three-dimensional artificial spin-ice phase diagram, whereby dipoles are placed within a diamond-bond lattice geometry. We find a rich phase diagram, consisting of a double-charged monopole crystal, a single-charged monopole crystal and conventional spin-ice with pinch points associated with a Coulomb phase. In experimental demagnetised systems, broken symmetry forces formation of ferromagnetic stripes upon the surface, forbidding the lower energy double-charged monopole crystal. Instead, we observe crystallites of single magnetic charge, superimposed upon an ice background. The crystallites are found to form due to the distribution of magnetic charge around the 3D vertex, which locally favours monopole formation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01338-2 |
| spellingShingle | Michael Saccone Arjen Van den Berg Edward Harding Shobhna Singh Sean R. Giblin Felix Flicker Sam Ladak Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice Communications Physics |
| title | Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice |
| title_full | Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice |
| title_short | Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice |
| title_sort | exploring the phase diagram of 3d artificial spin ice |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01338-2 |
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