Chitosan Fibers Loaded with Limonite as a Catalyst for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue via a Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Process
Wastewater generated from industries seriously impacts the environment. Conventional biological and physiochemical treatment methods for wastewater containing organic molecules have some limitations. Therefore, identifying other alternative methods or processes that are more suitable to degrade orga...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/23/5165 |
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| author | Siew Xian Chin Kam Sheng Lau Sarani Zakaria Chin Hua Chia Chatchawal Wongchoosuk |
| author_facet | Siew Xian Chin Kam Sheng Lau Sarani Zakaria Chin Hua Chia Chatchawal Wongchoosuk |
| author_sort | Siew Xian Chin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wastewater generated from industries seriously impacts the environment. Conventional biological and physiochemical treatment methods for wastewater containing organic molecules have some limitations. Therefore, identifying other alternative methods or processes that are more suitable to degrade organic molecules and lower chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater is necessary. Heterogeneous Fenton processes and persulfate (PS) oxidation are advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that degrade organic pollutants via reactive radical species. Therefore, in this study, limonite powder was incorporated into porous regenerated chitosan fibers and further used as a heterogeneous catalyst to decompose methylene blue (MB) via sulfate radical-based AOPs. Limonite was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in this process to generate the persulfate radicals (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>·) that initiate the decolorization process. Limonite–chitosan fibers were produced to effectively recover the limonite powder so that the catalyst can be reused repeatedly. The formation of limonite–chitosan fibers viewed under a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed that the limonite powder was well distributed in both the surface and cross-section area. The effectiveness of limonite–chitosan fibers as a catalyst under PS activation achieved an MB decolorization of 78% after 14 min. The stability and reusability of chitosan–limonite fibers were evaluated and measured in cycles 1 to 10 under optimal conditions. After 10 cycles of repeated use, the limonite–chitosan fiber maintained its performance up to 86%, revealing that limonite-containing chitosan fibers are a promising reusable catalyst material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:35:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb6e3dbd37c34470b1af0c6fe27a768b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:35:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb6e3dbd37c34470b1af0c6fe27a768b2023-11-24T11:59:28ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-11-011423516510.3390/polym14235165Chitosan Fibers Loaded with Limonite as a Catalyst for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue via a Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation ProcessSiew Xian Chin0Kam Sheng Lau1Sarani Zakaria2Chin Hua Chia3Chatchawal Wongchoosuk4Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandMaterials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaMaterials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaMaterials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandWastewater generated from industries seriously impacts the environment. Conventional biological and physiochemical treatment methods for wastewater containing organic molecules have some limitations. Therefore, identifying other alternative methods or processes that are more suitable to degrade organic molecules and lower chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater is necessary. Heterogeneous Fenton processes and persulfate (PS) oxidation are advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that degrade organic pollutants via reactive radical species. Therefore, in this study, limonite powder was incorporated into porous regenerated chitosan fibers and further used as a heterogeneous catalyst to decompose methylene blue (MB) via sulfate radical-based AOPs. Limonite was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in this process to generate the persulfate radicals (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>·) that initiate the decolorization process. Limonite–chitosan fibers were produced to effectively recover the limonite powder so that the catalyst can be reused repeatedly. The formation of limonite–chitosan fibers viewed under a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed that the limonite powder was well distributed in both the surface and cross-section area. The effectiveness of limonite–chitosan fibers as a catalyst under PS activation achieved an MB decolorization of 78% after 14 min. The stability and reusability of chitosan–limonite fibers were evaluated and measured in cycles 1 to 10 under optimal conditions. After 10 cycles of repeated use, the limonite–chitosan fiber maintained its performance up to 86%, revealing that limonite-containing chitosan fibers are a promising reusable catalyst material.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/23/5165advanced oxidation processdecompositioniron mineralwastewater treatment |
| spellingShingle | Siew Xian Chin Kam Sheng Lau Sarani Zakaria Chin Hua Chia Chatchawal Wongchoosuk Chitosan Fibers Loaded with Limonite as a Catalyst for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue via a Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Process Polymers advanced oxidation process decomposition iron mineral wastewater treatment |
| title | Chitosan Fibers Loaded with Limonite as a Catalyst for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue via a Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Process |
| title_full | Chitosan Fibers Loaded with Limonite as a Catalyst for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue via a Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Process |
| title_fullStr | Chitosan Fibers Loaded with Limonite as a Catalyst for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue via a Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chitosan Fibers Loaded with Limonite as a Catalyst for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue via a Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Process |
| title_short | Chitosan Fibers Loaded with Limonite as a Catalyst for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue via a Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Process |
| title_sort | chitosan fibers loaded with limonite as a catalyst for the decolorization of methylene blue via a persulfate based advanced oxidation process |
| topic | advanced oxidation process decomposition iron mineral wastewater treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/23/5165 |
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