| Summary: | Viruses in aquatic ecosystems exhibit remarkable abundance and diversity. However, scattered studies have been conducted to mine uncultured viruses and identify them taxonomically in lake water. Here, whole genomes (29–173 kbp) of seven uncultured dsDNA bacteriophages were discovered in Dishui Lake, the largest artificial lake in Shanghai. We analyzed their genomic signatures and found a series of viral auxiliary metabolic genes closely associated with protein synthesis and host metabolism. Dishui Lake phages shared more genes with uncultivated environmental viruses than with reference viruses based on the gene-sharing network classification. Phylogeny of proteomes and comparative genomics delineated three new genera within two known viral families of <i>Kyanoviridae</i> and <i>Autographiviridae</i>, and four new families in <i>Caudoviricetes</i> for these seven novel phages. Their potential hosts appeared to be from the dominant bacterial phyla in Dishui Lake. Altogether, our study provides initial insights into the composition and diversity of bacteriophage communities in Dishui Lake, contributing valuable knowledge to the ongoing research on the roles played by viruses in freshwater ecosystems.
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