In Vivo Investigation of Polymer-Ceramic PCL/HA and PCL/β-TCP 3D Composite Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Bone Regeneration
Critical bone defects are a major clinical challenge in reconstructive bone surgery. Polycaprolactone (PCL) mixed with bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), create composite scaffolds with improved biological recognition and bioactivity. Electrical stimulation (ES)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/1/65 |
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| author | Júlia Venturini Helaehil Carina Basqueira Lourenço Boyang Huang Luiza Venturini Helaehil Isaque Xavier de Camargo Gabriela Bortolança Chiarotto Milton Santamaria-Jr Paulo Bártolo Guilherme Ferreira Caetano |
| author_facet | Júlia Venturini Helaehil Carina Basqueira Lourenço Boyang Huang Luiza Venturini Helaehil Isaque Xavier de Camargo Gabriela Bortolança Chiarotto Milton Santamaria-Jr Paulo Bártolo Guilherme Ferreira Caetano |
| author_sort | Júlia Venturini Helaehil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Critical bone defects are a major clinical challenge in reconstructive bone surgery. Polycaprolactone (PCL) mixed with bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), create composite scaffolds with improved biological recognition and bioactivity. Electrical stimulation (ES) aims to compensate the compromised endogenous electrical signals and to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effects of composite scaffolds (PCL with HA; and PCL with β-TCP) and the use of ES on critical bone defects in Wistar rats using eight experimental groups: untreated, ES, PCL, PCL/ES, HA, HA/ES, TCP, and TCP/ES. The investigation was based on histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis. The vascular area was greater in the HA/ES group on days 30 and 60. Tissue mineralization was greater in the HA, HA/ES, and TCP groups at day 30, and TCP/ES at day 60. Bmp-2 gene expression was higher in the HA, TCP, and TCP/ES groups at day 30, and in the TCP/ES and PCL/ES groups at day 60. Runx-2, Osterix, and Osteopontin gene expression were also higher in the TCP/ES group at day 60. These results suggest that scaffolds printed with PCL and TCP, when paired with electrical therapy application, improve bone regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:25:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb781a48d6f7458086f8697dd7e8f380 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:25:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb781a48d6f7458086f8697dd7e8f3802023-11-23T12:09:20ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-12-011416510.3390/polym14010065In Vivo Investigation of Polymer-Ceramic PCL/HA and PCL/β-TCP 3D Composite Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Bone RegenerationJúlia Venturini Helaehil0Carina Basqueira Lourenço1Boyang Huang2Luiza Venturini Helaehil3Isaque Xavier de Camargo4Gabriela Bortolança Chiarotto5Milton Santamaria-Jr6Paulo Bártolo7Guilherme Ferreira Caetano8Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, FHO, Araras 13607-339, SP, BrazilGraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, FHO, Araras 13607-339, SP, BrazilDepartment of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKGraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, FHO, Araras 13607-339, SP, BrazilGraduate Program of Orthodontics, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, FHO, Araras 13607-339, SP, BrazilGraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, FHO, Araras 13607-339, SP, BrazilGraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, FHO, Araras 13607-339, SP, BrazilDepartment of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKGraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, FHO, Araras 13607-339, SP, BrazilCritical bone defects are a major clinical challenge in reconstructive bone surgery. Polycaprolactone (PCL) mixed with bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), create composite scaffolds with improved biological recognition and bioactivity. Electrical stimulation (ES) aims to compensate the compromised endogenous electrical signals and to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effects of composite scaffolds (PCL with HA; and PCL with β-TCP) and the use of ES on critical bone defects in Wistar rats using eight experimental groups: untreated, ES, PCL, PCL/ES, HA, HA/ES, TCP, and TCP/ES. The investigation was based on histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis. The vascular area was greater in the HA/ES group on days 30 and 60. Tissue mineralization was greater in the HA, HA/ES, and TCP groups at day 30, and TCP/ES at day 60. Bmp-2 gene expression was higher in the HA, TCP, and TCP/ES groups at day 30, and in the TCP/ES and PCL/ES groups at day 60. Runx-2, Osterix, and Osteopontin gene expression were also higher in the TCP/ES group at day 60. These results suggest that scaffolds printed with PCL and TCP, when paired with electrical therapy application, improve bone regeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/1/65hydroxyapatiteβ-tricalcium phosphateadditive manufacturingelectrical stimulationbone regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Júlia Venturini Helaehil Carina Basqueira Lourenço Boyang Huang Luiza Venturini Helaehil Isaque Xavier de Camargo Gabriela Bortolança Chiarotto Milton Santamaria-Jr Paulo Bártolo Guilherme Ferreira Caetano In Vivo Investigation of Polymer-Ceramic PCL/HA and PCL/β-TCP 3D Composite Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Bone Regeneration Polymers hydroxyapatite β-tricalcium phosphate additive manufacturing electrical stimulation bone regeneration |
| title | In Vivo Investigation of Polymer-Ceramic PCL/HA and PCL/β-TCP 3D Composite Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Bone Regeneration |
| title_full | In Vivo Investigation of Polymer-Ceramic PCL/HA and PCL/β-TCP 3D Composite Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Bone Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | In Vivo Investigation of Polymer-Ceramic PCL/HA and PCL/β-TCP 3D Composite Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Bone Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vivo Investigation of Polymer-Ceramic PCL/HA and PCL/β-TCP 3D Composite Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Bone Regeneration |
| title_short | In Vivo Investigation of Polymer-Ceramic PCL/HA and PCL/β-TCP 3D Composite Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Bone Regeneration |
| title_sort | in vivo investigation of polymer ceramic pcl ha and pcl β tcp 3d composite scaffolds and electrical stimulation for bone regeneration |
| topic | hydroxyapatite β-tricalcium phosphate additive manufacturing electrical stimulation bone regeneration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/1/65 |
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