Perforins Expression by Cutaneous Gamma Delta T Cells
Gamma delta (GD) T cells are an unconventional T cell type present in both the epidermis and the dermis of human skin. They are critical to regulating skin inflammation, wound healing, and anti-microbial defense. Similar to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells expressing an alpha beta (AB) TCR, GD T cells have cy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01839/full |
| _version_ | 1818118352805036032 |
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| author | Katelyn O'Neill Irena Pastar Marjana Tomic-Canic Natasa Strbo |
| author_facet | Katelyn O'Neill Irena Pastar Marjana Tomic-Canic Natasa Strbo |
| author_sort | Katelyn O'Neill |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gamma delta (GD) T cells are an unconventional T cell type present in both the epidermis and the dermis of human skin. They are critical to regulating skin inflammation, wound healing, and anti-microbial defense. Similar to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells expressing an alpha beta (AB) TCR, GD T cells have cytolytic capabilities. They play an important role in elimination of cutaneous tumors and virally infected cells and have also been implicated in pathogenicity of several autoimmune diseases. T cell cytotoxicity is associated with the expression of the pore forming protein Perforin. Perforin is an innate immune protein containing a membrane attack complex perforin-like (MACPF) domain and functions by forming pores in the membranes of target cells, which allow granzymes and reactive oxygen species to enter the cells and destroy them. Perforin-2, encoded by the gene MPEG1, is a newly discovered member of this protein family that is critical for clearance of intracellular bacteria. Cutaneous GD T cells express both Perforin and Perforin-2, but many questions remain regarding the role that these proteins play in GD T cell mediated cytotoxicity against tumors and bacterial pathogens. Here, we review what is known about Perforin expression by skin GD T cells and the mechanisms that contribute to Perforin activation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T04:52:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb7bb34e7c714f69a92343290cfa8e98 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T04:52:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb7bb34e7c714f69a92343290cfa8e982022-12-22T01:20:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-08-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.01839554049Perforins Expression by Cutaneous Gamma Delta T CellsKatelyn O'Neill0Irena Pastar1Marjana Tomic-Canic2Natasa Strbo3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesWound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesWound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesGamma delta (GD) T cells are an unconventional T cell type present in both the epidermis and the dermis of human skin. They are critical to regulating skin inflammation, wound healing, and anti-microbial defense. Similar to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells expressing an alpha beta (AB) TCR, GD T cells have cytolytic capabilities. They play an important role in elimination of cutaneous tumors and virally infected cells and have also been implicated in pathogenicity of several autoimmune diseases. T cell cytotoxicity is associated with the expression of the pore forming protein Perforin. Perforin is an innate immune protein containing a membrane attack complex perforin-like (MACPF) domain and functions by forming pores in the membranes of target cells, which allow granzymes and reactive oxygen species to enter the cells and destroy them. Perforin-2, encoded by the gene MPEG1, is a newly discovered member of this protein family that is critical for clearance of intracellular bacteria. Cutaneous GD T cells express both Perforin and Perforin-2, but many questions remain regarding the role that these proteins play in GD T cell mediated cytotoxicity against tumors and bacterial pathogens. Here, we review what is known about Perforin expression by skin GD T cells and the mechanisms that contribute to Perforin activation.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01839/fullpore forming proteinsperforinperforin-2mpeg-1gamma delta T cellsskin |
| spellingShingle | Katelyn O'Neill Irena Pastar Marjana Tomic-Canic Natasa Strbo Perforins Expression by Cutaneous Gamma Delta T Cells Frontiers in Immunology pore forming proteins perforin perforin-2 mpeg-1 gamma delta T cells skin |
| title | Perforins Expression by Cutaneous Gamma Delta T Cells |
| title_full | Perforins Expression by Cutaneous Gamma Delta T Cells |
| title_fullStr | Perforins Expression by Cutaneous Gamma Delta T Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perforins Expression by Cutaneous Gamma Delta T Cells |
| title_short | Perforins Expression by Cutaneous Gamma Delta T Cells |
| title_sort | perforins expression by cutaneous gamma delta t cells |
| topic | pore forming proteins perforin perforin-2 mpeg-1 gamma delta T cells skin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01839/full |
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