Contribution of Flavonoids and Iridoids to the Hypoglycaemic, Antioxidant, and Nitric Oxide (NO) Inhibitory Activities of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L.
This study aims at investigating the contribution of two classes of compounds, flavonoids and iridoids, to the bioactivity of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. leaves and fruits. The impact of different extraction procedures on phytochemicals content and hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and nitric oxide...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/2/184 |
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| author | Maria Concetta Tenuta Brigitte Deguin Monica Rosa Loizzo Annabelle Dugay Rosaria Acquaviva Giuseppe Antonio Malfa Marco Bonesi Chouaha Bouzidi Rosa Tundis |
| author_facet | Maria Concetta Tenuta Brigitte Deguin Monica Rosa Loizzo Annabelle Dugay Rosaria Acquaviva Giuseppe Antonio Malfa Marco Bonesi Chouaha Bouzidi Rosa Tundis |
| author_sort | Maria Concetta Tenuta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims at investigating the contribution of two classes of compounds, flavonoids and iridoids, to the bioactivity of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. leaves and fruits. The impact of different extraction procedures on phytochemicals content and hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of <i>A. unedo</i> fresh and dried plant materials was investigated. Ellagic acid 4-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-<i>O</i>-glucoside, and norbergenin were identified for the first time in this genus by using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Three iridoids (gardenoside, geniposide, unedoside) are specifically identified in the leaves. Interestingly, asperuloside was extracted only from dried fruits by ethanol with Soxhlet apparatus. Extracts were screened for their potential antioxidant activities by using the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Activity Power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching tests. Based on the Global Antioxidant Score (GAS) calculation, the most promising antioxidant extract was obtained by hydroalcoholic maceration of dried leaves that showed half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 0.42 and 0.98 μg/mL in ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively. The hypoglycaemic activity was investigated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. Extracts obtained by ethanol ultrasound extraction of fresh leaves and hydroalcoholic maceration of fresh fruits (IC<sub>50</sub> of 19.56 and 28.42 μg/mL, respectively) are more active against α-glucosidase than the positive control acarbose (IC<sub>50</sub> of 35.50 μg/mL). Fruit extracts exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:36:05Z |
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| id | doaj.art-eb8414060c1e426ba9125267b6095530 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:36:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb8414060c1e426ba9125267b60955302023-09-02T08:45:44ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212020-02-019218410.3390/antiox9020184antiox9020184Contribution of Flavonoids and Iridoids to the Hypoglycaemic, Antioxidant, and Nitric Oxide (NO) Inhibitory Activities of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L.Maria Concetta Tenuta0Brigitte Deguin1Monica Rosa Loizzo2Annabelle Dugay3Rosaria Acquaviva4Giuseppe Antonio Malfa5Marco Bonesi6Chouaha Bouzidi7Rosa Tundis8Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (Cosenza), ItalyUniversité de Paris, UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, U.M.R. n°8038, -CiTCoM- (CNRS, Université de Paris), F-75006 Paris, FranceDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (Cosenza), ItalyUniversité de Paris, UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, U.M.R. n°8038, -CiTCoM- (CNRS, Université de Paris), F-75006 Paris, FranceDepartment of Drug Science - Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Drug Science - Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (Cosenza), ItalyUniversité de Paris, UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, U.M.R. n°8038, -CiTCoM- (CNRS, Université de Paris), F-75006 Paris, FranceDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (Cosenza), ItalyThis study aims at investigating the contribution of two classes of compounds, flavonoids and iridoids, to the bioactivity of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. leaves and fruits. The impact of different extraction procedures on phytochemicals content and hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of <i>A. unedo</i> fresh and dried plant materials was investigated. Ellagic acid 4-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-<i>O</i>-glucoside, and norbergenin were identified for the first time in this genus by using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Three iridoids (gardenoside, geniposide, unedoside) are specifically identified in the leaves. Interestingly, asperuloside was extracted only from dried fruits by ethanol with Soxhlet apparatus. Extracts were screened for their potential antioxidant activities by using the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Activity Power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching tests. Based on the Global Antioxidant Score (GAS) calculation, the most promising antioxidant extract was obtained by hydroalcoholic maceration of dried leaves that showed half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 0.42 and 0.98 μg/mL in ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively. The hypoglycaemic activity was investigated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. Extracts obtained by ethanol ultrasound extraction of fresh leaves and hydroalcoholic maceration of fresh fruits (IC<sub>50</sub> of 19.56 and 28.42 μg/mL, respectively) are more active against α-glucosidase than the positive control acarbose (IC<sub>50</sub> of 35.50 μg/mL). Fruit extracts exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/2/184strawberry treeextraction procedureschemical profilesmetabolic diseasesfunctional products |
| spellingShingle | Maria Concetta Tenuta Brigitte Deguin Monica Rosa Loizzo Annabelle Dugay Rosaria Acquaviva Giuseppe Antonio Malfa Marco Bonesi Chouaha Bouzidi Rosa Tundis Contribution of Flavonoids and Iridoids to the Hypoglycaemic, Antioxidant, and Nitric Oxide (NO) Inhibitory Activities of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. Antioxidants strawberry tree extraction procedures chemical profiles metabolic diseases functional products |
| title | Contribution of Flavonoids and Iridoids to the Hypoglycaemic, Antioxidant, and Nitric Oxide (NO) Inhibitory Activities of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. |
| title_full | Contribution of Flavonoids and Iridoids to the Hypoglycaemic, Antioxidant, and Nitric Oxide (NO) Inhibitory Activities of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. |
| title_fullStr | Contribution of Flavonoids and Iridoids to the Hypoglycaemic, Antioxidant, and Nitric Oxide (NO) Inhibitory Activities of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribution of Flavonoids and Iridoids to the Hypoglycaemic, Antioxidant, and Nitric Oxide (NO) Inhibitory Activities of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. |
| title_short | Contribution of Flavonoids and Iridoids to the Hypoglycaemic, Antioxidant, and Nitric Oxide (NO) Inhibitory Activities of <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. |
| title_sort | contribution of flavonoids and iridoids to the hypoglycaemic antioxidant and nitric oxide no inhibitory activities of i arbutus unedo i l |
| topic | strawberry tree extraction procedures chemical profiles metabolic diseases functional products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/2/184 |
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