An analysis of the variability in <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation
<p>The isotopic composition of carbon in macroalgae (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C) is highly variable, and its prediction is complex concerning terrestrial plants. The determinants of <span class="inline-formul...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Biogeosciences |
| Online Access: | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/1/2022/bg-19-1-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819094761170010112 |
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| author | R. Velázquez-Ochoa M. J. Ochoa-Izaguirre M. F. Soto-Jiménez |
| author_facet | R. Velázquez-Ochoa M. J. Ochoa-Izaguirre M. F. Soto-Jiménez |
| author_sort | R. Velázquez-Ochoa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The isotopic composition of carbon in macroalgae (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C) is
highly variable, and its prediction is complex concerning terrestrial
plants. The determinants of <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C macroalgal variations were
analyzed in a large stock of specimens that vary in taxa and morphology and were
collected in shallow marine habitats in the Gulf of California (GC) with
distinctive environmental conditions. A large <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C variability
(<span class="inline-formula">−34.6</span> ‰ to <span class="inline-formula">−2.2</span> ‰) was observed.
Life-forms (taxonomy 57 %, morphology and structural organization 34 %)
explain the variability related to carbon use physiology. Environmental
conditions influenced the <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C macroalgal values but did not
change the physiology, which is most likely inherently species-specific.
Values of <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C were used as indicators of the presence or
absence of carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) and as integrative values
of the isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation in the life cycle
macroalgae. Based on <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C signals, macroalgae were classified
in three strategies relative to the capacity of CCM: (1) HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="fa1148a5a7ab62133104fb46bf612014"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00001.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>
uptake (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C <span class="inline-formula">></span> <span class="inline-formula">−10</span> ‰), (2) using a
mix of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M16" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="06954914259a113e7faaa0d01a8ee756"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00002.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> uptake (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M17" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mo><</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="italic">δ</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">13</mn></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="51pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="95ec525419601a8e5fd5b5cb792366a1"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00003.svg" width="51pt" height="14pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>C <span class="inline-formula">></span> <span class="inline-formula">−30</span> ‰), and (3) CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> diffusive
entry (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C <span class="inline-formula"><</span> <span class="inline-formula">−30</span> ‰). Most species
showed a <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C that indicates a CCM using a mix of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and
HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M26" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="d96e0e0e6a6172a7d34ac185b1d0a8a7"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00004.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> uptake. HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M27" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="d4f68d92324ab64740c52d46a6e06853"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00005.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> uptake is also widespread among GC
macroalgae, with many Ochrophyta species. Few species belonging to
Rhodophyta relied on CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> diffusive entry exclusively, while calcifying
macroalgae species using HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M29" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="b99659e9caa622cdf93197cf25817eb9"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00006.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> included only <i>Amphiroa</i> and <i>Jania</i>. The isotopic
signature evidenced the activity of CCM, but it was inconclusive about the
preferential uptake of HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M30" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="1081eea6660e9679f4c0def2b37c02eb"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00007.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> in photosynthesis and
the CCM type expressed in macroalgae. In the study of carbon use strategies,
diverse, species-specific, and complementary techniques to the isotopic tools
are required.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T23:32:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb891e49061d471ea5fc3933d010ba87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1726-4170 1726-4189 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T23:32:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biogeosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb891e49061d471ea5fc3933d010ba872022-12-21T18:46:28ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892022-01-011912710.5194/bg-19-1-2022An analysis of the variability in <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilationR. Velázquez-Ochoa0M. J. Ochoa-Izaguirre1M. F. Soto-Jiménez2Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82040, MéxicoFacultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82000, MéxicoInstituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UAM-ICMyL-UNAM), Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82040, México<p>The isotopic composition of carbon in macroalgae (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C) is highly variable, and its prediction is complex concerning terrestrial plants. The determinants of <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C macroalgal variations were analyzed in a large stock of specimens that vary in taxa and morphology and were collected in shallow marine habitats in the Gulf of California (GC) with distinctive environmental conditions. A large <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C variability (<span class="inline-formula">−34.6</span> ‰ to <span class="inline-formula">−2.2</span> ‰) was observed. Life-forms (taxonomy 57 %, morphology and structural organization 34 %) explain the variability related to carbon use physiology. Environmental conditions influenced the <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C macroalgal values but did not change the physiology, which is most likely inherently species-specific. Values of <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C were used as indicators of the presence or absence of carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) and as integrative values of the isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation in the life cycle macroalgae. Based on <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C signals, macroalgae were classified in three strategies relative to the capacity of CCM: (1) HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="fa1148a5a7ab62133104fb46bf612014"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00001.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> uptake (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C <span class="inline-formula">></span> <span class="inline-formula">−10</span> ‰), (2) using a mix of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M16" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="06954914259a113e7faaa0d01a8ee756"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00002.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> uptake (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M17" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mo><</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="italic">δ</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">13</mn></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="51pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="95ec525419601a8e5fd5b5cb792366a1"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00003.svg" width="51pt" height="14pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>C <span class="inline-formula">></span> <span class="inline-formula">−30</span> ‰), and (3) CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> diffusive entry (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C <span class="inline-formula"><</span> <span class="inline-formula">−30</span> ‰). Most species showed a <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup></span>C that indicates a CCM using a mix of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M26" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="d96e0e0e6a6172a7d34ac185b1d0a8a7"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00004.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> uptake. HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M27" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="d4f68d92324ab64740c52d46a6e06853"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00005.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> uptake is also widespread among GC macroalgae, with many Ochrophyta species. Few species belonging to Rhodophyta relied on CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> diffusive entry exclusively, while calcifying macroalgae species using HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M29" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="b99659e9caa622cdf93197cf25817eb9"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00006.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> included only <i>Amphiroa</i> and <i>Jania</i>. The isotopic signature evidenced the activity of CCM, but it was inconclusive about the preferential uptake of HCO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M30" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="1081eea6660e9679f4c0def2b37c02eb"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-19-1-2022-ie00007.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="bg-19-1-2022-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> in photosynthesis and the CCM type expressed in macroalgae. In the study of carbon use strategies, diverse, species-specific, and complementary techniques to the isotopic tools are required.</p>https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/1/2022/bg-19-1-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | R. Velázquez-Ochoa M. J. Ochoa-Izaguirre M. F. Soto-Jiménez An analysis of the variability in <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation Biogeosciences |
| title | An analysis of the variability in <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation |
| title_full | An analysis of the variability in <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation |
| title_fullStr | An analysis of the variability in <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation |
| title_full_unstemmed | An analysis of the variability in <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation |
| title_short | An analysis of the variability in <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation |
| title_sort | analysis of the variability in i δ i sup 13 sup c in macroalgae from the gulf of california indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation |
| url | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/1/2022/bg-19-1-2022.pdf |
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