Energy Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy Building Based on Long-Term Measured Data: A Case Study in South Korea
In this study, the energy consumption and generation characteristics, the operation status of a photovoltaic (PV) system, and the energy balance of a net-zero energy building (nZEB) in South Korea were analyzed based on the data collected over a 10-year period (2012–2021). The average annual power c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Buildings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/12/3134 |
| _version_ | 1797381764920901632 |
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| author | Jungki Hong Jaewan Park Seongmi Kim Cheolsoo Lim Minsuk Kong |
| author_facet | Jungki Hong Jaewan Park Seongmi Kim Cheolsoo Lim Minsuk Kong |
| author_sort | Jungki Hong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the energy consumption and generation characteristics, the operation status of a photovoltaic (PV) system, and the energy balance of a net-zero energy building (nZEB) in South Korea were analyzed based on the data collected over a 10-year period (2012–2021). The average annual power consumption of the nZEB was 101.3 MWh, 6.2% higher than the estimated power consumption. The PV system of the nZEB had an annual power generation capacity of 105.8 MWh, indicating an increase of 10.6% compared to the estimated value. The failure of PV systems such as module cracks, inverter failures, and performance degradation led to a decrease of 21.5% in the power generation. Energy balance analysis was conducted by comparing the energy consumption and generation data based on yearly, monthly, daily, and hourly time intervals. In addition, load coverage factor (LCF) and supply coverage factor (SCF) were used to evaluate the load matching rate. The nZEB achieved a net-zero energy status for 5 out of the 7 years of normal operation (2012–2018) based on average annual data. However, the energy balance analysis using hourly measured data showed that there was both a surplus and a shortage of power every year, and that the average annual power surplus and shortage were 56.4 MWh and 54.3 MWh, respectively. In addition, the load matching analysis showed that the annual LCF and SCF were approximately 0.36 and 0.32, respectively. Thus, the advanced nZEB design, hourly data-based energy analysis, fault diagnosis and maintenance, and the strategies enhancing the self-consumption rate should be considered to expand nZEB dissemination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:56:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb89f554687940a49e12aebb666b3222 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:56:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb89f554687940a49e12aebb666b32222023-12-22T13:58:35ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092023-12-011312313410.3390/buildings13123134Energy Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy Building Based on Long-Term Measured Data: A Case Study in South KoreaJungki Hong0Jaewan Park1Seongmi Kim2Cheolsoo Lim3Minsuk Kong4Global Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of KoreaDevelopment of Technology Co., Sejong-si 30150, Republic of KoreaGlobal Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of KoreaGlobal Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Equipment and Fire Protection Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of KoreaIn this study, the energy consumption and generation characteristics, the operation status of a photovoltaic (PV) system, and the energy balance of a net-zero energy building (nZEB) in South Korea were analyzed based on the data collected over a 10-year period (2012–2021). The average annual power consumption of the nZEB was 101.3 MWh, 6.2% higher than the estimated power consumption. The PV system of the nZEB had an annual power generation capacity of 105.8 MWh, indicating an increase of 10.6% compared to the estimated value. The failure of PV systems such as module cracks, inverter failures, and performance degradation led to a decrease of 21.5% in the power generation. Energy balance analysis was conducted by comparing the energy consumption and generation data based on yearly, monthly, daily, and hourly time intervals. In addition, load coverage factor (LCF) and supply coverage factor (SCF) were used to evaluate the load matching rate. The nZEB achieved a net-zero energy status for 5 out of the 7 years of normal operation (2012–2018) based on average annual data. However, the energy balance analysis using hourly measured data showed that there was both a surplus and a shortage of power every year, and that the average annual power surplus and shortage were 56.4 MWh and 54.3 MWh, respectively. In addition, the load matching analysis showed that the annual LCF and SCF were approximately 0.36 and 0.32, respectively. Thus, the advanced nZEB design, hourly data-based energy analysis, fault diagnosis and maintenance, and the strategies enhancing the self-consumption rate should be considered to expand nZEB dissemination.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/12/3134net-zero energy buildingenergy analysisenergy consumptionenergy generationphotovoltaic systemlong-term operation |
| spellingShingle | Jungki Hong Jaewan Park Seongmi Kim Cheolsoo Lim Minsuk Kong Energy Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy Building Based on Long-Term Measured Data: A Case Study in South Korea Buildings net-zero energy building energy analysis energy consumption energy generation photovoltaic system long-term operation |
| title | Energy Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy Building Based on Long-Term Measured Data: A Case Study in South Korea |
| title_full | Energy Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy Building Based on Long-Term Measured Data: A Case Study in South Korea |
| title_fullStr | Energy Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy Building Based on Long-Term Measured Data: A Case Study in South Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy Building Based on Long-Term Measured Data: A Case Study in South Korea |
| title_short | Energy Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy Building Based on Long-Term Measured Data: A Case Study in South Korea |
| title_sort | energy analysis of a net zero energy building based on long term measured data a case study in south korea |
| topic | net-zero energy building energy analysis energy consumption energy generation photovoltaic system long-term operation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/12/3134 |
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