Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals
Equine rotavirus group A (ERVA) is one of the most common causes of foal diarrhea. Starting in February 2021, there was an increase in the frequency of severe watery to hemorrhagic diarrhea cases in neonatal foals in Central Kentucky. Diagnostic investigation of fecal samples failed to detect eviden...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1330 |
| _version_ | 1797525949031383040 |
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| author | Tirth Uprety Chithra C. Sreenivasan Ben M. Hause Ganwu Li Solomon O. Odemuyiwa Stephan Locke Jocelynn Morgan Li Zeng William F. Gilsenan Nathan Slovis Laurie Metcalfe Craig N. Carter Peter Timoney David Horohov Dan Wang Erdal Erol Emma Adam Feng Li |
| author_facet | Tirth Uprety Chithra C. Sreenivasan Ben M. Hause Ganwu Li Solomon O. Odemuyiwa Stephan Locke Jocelynn Morgan Li Zeng William F. Gilsenan Nathan Slovis Laurie Metcalfe Craig N. Carter Peter Timoney David Horohov Dan Wang Erdal Erol Emma Adam Feng Li |
| author_sort | Tirth Uprety |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Equine rotavirus group A (ERVA) is one of the most common causes of foal diarrhea. Starting in February 2021, there was an increase in the frequency of severe watery to hemorrhagic diarrhea cases in neonatal foals in Central Kentucky. Diagnostic investigation of fecal samples failed to detect evidence of diarrhea-causing pathogens including ERVA. Based on <i>Illumina</i>-based metagenomic sequencing, we identified a novel equine rotavirus group B (ERVB) in fecal specimens from the affected foals in the absence of any other known enteric pathogens. Interestingly, the protein sequence of all 11 segments had greater than 96% identity with group B rotaviruses previously found in ruminants. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering of the ERVB with group B rotaviruses of caprine and bovine strains from the USA. Subsequent analysis of 33 foal diarrheic samples by RT-qPCR identified 23 rotavirus B-positive cases (69.69%). These observations suggest that the ERVB originated from ruminants and was associated with outbreaks of neonatal foal diarrhea in the 2021 foaling season in Kentucky. Emergence of the ruminant-like group B rotavirus in foals clearly warrants further investigation due to the significant impact of the disease in neonatal foals and its economic impact on the equine industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:21:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb921409fc024774a686c3f149632254 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:21:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb921409fc024774a686c3f1496322542023-11-22T05:14:17ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-07-01137133010.3390/v13071330Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in FoalsTirth Uprety0Chithra C. Sreenivasan1Ben M. Hause2Ganwu Li3Solomon O. Odemuyiwa4Stephan Locke5Jocelynn Morgan6Li Zeng7William F. Gilsenan8Nathan Slovis9Laurie Metcalfe10Craig N. Carter11Peter Timoney12David Horohov13Dan Wang14Erdal Erol15Emma Adam16Feng Li17Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USAMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USADepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USADepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USAVeterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USAVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40512, USAVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40512, USAVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40512, USARood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40511, USAHagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY 40511, USARood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40511, USAVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40512, USAMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USAMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USAMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USAVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40512, USAMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USAMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USAEquine rotavirus group A (ERVA) is one of the most common causes of foal diarrhea. Starting in February 2021, there was an increase in the frequency of severe watery to hemorrhagic diarrhea cases in neonatal foals in Central Kentucky. Diagnostic investigation of fecal samples failed to detect evidence of diarrhea-causing pathogens including ERVA. Based on <i>Illumina</i>-based metagenomic sequencing, we identified a novel equine rotavirus group B (ERVB) in fecal specimens from the affected foals in the absence of any other known enteric pathogens. Interestingly, the protein sequence of all 11 segments had greater than 96% identity with group B rotaviruses previously found in ruminants. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering of the ERVB with group B rotaviruses of caprine and bovine strains from the USA. Subsequent analysis of 33 foal diarrheic samples by RT-qPCR identified 23 rotavirus B-positive cases (69.69%). These observations suggest that the ERVB originated from ruminants and was associated with outbreaks of neonatal foal diarrhea in the 2021 foaling season in Kentucky. Emergence of the ruminant-like group B rotavirus in foals clearly warrants further investigation due to the significant impact of the disease in neonatal foals and its economic impact on the equine industry.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1330rotavirus Bfoaldiarrheaoutbreak |
| spellingShingle | Tirth Uprety Chithra C. Sreenivasan Ben M. Hause Ganwu Li Solomon O. Odemuyiwa Stephan Locke Jocelynn Morgan Li Zeng William F. Gilsenan Nathan Slovis Laurie Metcalfe Craig N. Carter Peter Timoney David Horohov Dan Wang Erdal Erol Emma Adam Feng Li Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals Viruses rotavirus B foal diarrhea outbreak |
| title | Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals |
| title_full | Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals |
| title_fullStr | Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals |
| title_short | Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals |
| title_sort | identification of a ruminant origin group b rotavirus associated with diarrhea outbreaks in foals |
| topic | rotavirus B foal diarrhea outbreak |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1330 |
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