Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Infections
Bacteriophage therapy has emerged as a strategy supplementing traditional disinfection protocols to fight biofilms. The aim of the study was to isolate the phages against <i>E. faecalis</i> and to characterize its biological features, morphology, and lytic activity in a formed biofilm mo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6494 |
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| author | Magdalena Moryl Aleksandra Palatyńska-Ulatowska Agnieszka Maszewska Iwona Grzejdziak Silvia Dias de Oliveira Marieli Chitolina Pradebon Liviu Steier Antoni Różalski Jose Antonio Poli de Figueiredo |
| author_facet | Magdalena Moryl Aleksandra Palatyńska-Ulatowska Agnieszka Maszewska Iwona Grzejdziak Silvia Dias de Oliveira Marieli Chitolina Pradebon Liviu Steier Antoni Różalski Jose Antonio Poli de Figueiredo |
| author_sort | Magdalena Moryl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacteriophage therapy has emerged as a strategy supplementing traditional disinfection protocols to fight biofilms. The aim of the study was to isolate the phages against <i>E. faecalis</i> and to characterize its biological features, morphology, and lytic activity in a formed biofilm model. Methods: <i>E. faecalis</i> ATCC 29212 strain was used for the trial. Two novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e virulent phages were isolated from urban wastewater and characterized. The <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilm was established in 15 bovine teeth for 21 days. Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopes with the colony-forming unit (CFU) counting were used for assessment. Results: Isolated phages differed in morphology. Taxonomy for vB_Efa29212_2e (Siphoviridae, Efquatovirus) and for vB_Efa29212_3e (Herelleviridae, Kochikohdavirus) was confirmed. Both phages were stable at a temperature range of 4–50 °C and showed a different tolerance to chemicals: 15% EDTA, 1–3% sodium hypochlorite, and chlorhexidine. SEM analysis showed distortion of bacteria cells after phage inoculation, which proved the lytic activity against <i>E. faecalis</i>. A 54.6% reduction in the <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilm confirmed bacteriophage efficacy against isolates in the ex vivo model. Conclusions: Results strongly support the concept that phage therapy has a real therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of <i>E. faecalis</i>-associated infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:58:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb9713eb204b4124b1b71d269e85879e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:58:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb9713eb204b4124b1b71d269e85879e2023-11-24T05:18:36ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-11-011121649410.3390/jcm11216494Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> InfectionsMagdalena Moryl0Aleksandra Palatyńska-Ulatowska1Agnieszka Maszewska2Iwona Grzejdziak3Silvia Dias de Oliveira4Marieli Chitolina Pradebon5Liviu Steier6Antoni Różalski7Jose Antonio Poli de Figueiredo8Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Endodontics, Chair of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, PolandLaboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul–PUCRS, Porto Alegre 90619-900, BrazilDepartment of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Allegre 90010-150, BrazilRobert Schattner Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Allegre 90010-150, BrazilBacteriophage therapy has emerged as a strategy supplementing traditional disinfection protocols to fight biofilms. The aim of the study was to isolate the phages against <i>E. faecalis</i> and to characterize its biological features, morphology, and lytic activity in a formed biofilm model. Methods: <i>E. faecalis</i> ATCC 29212 strain was used for the trial. Two novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e virulent phages were isolated from urban wastewater and characterized. The <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilm was established in 15 bovine teeth for 21 days. Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopes with the colony-forming unit (CFU) counting were used for assessment. Results: Isolated phages differed in morphology. Taxonomy for vB_Efa29212_2e (Siphoviridae, Efquatovirus) and for vB_Efa29212_3e (Herelleviridae, Kochikohdavirus) was confirmed. Both phages were stable at a temperature range of 4–50 °C and showed a different tolerance to chemicals: 15% EDTA, 1–3% sodium hypochlorite, and chlorhexidine. SEM analysis showed distortion of bacteria cells after phage inoculation, which proved the lytic activity against <i>E. faecalis</i>. A 54.6% reduction in the <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilm confirmed bacteriophage efficacy against isolates in the ex vivo model. Conclusions: Results strongly support the concept that phage therapy has a real therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of <i>E. faecalis</i>-associated infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6494bacterial drug resistancebacteriophagesbiofilmendodontics<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Moryl Aleksandra Palatyńska-Ulatowska Agnieszka Maszewska Iwona Grzejdziak Silvia Dias de Oliveira Marieli Chitolina Pradebon Liviu Steier Antoni Różalski Jose Antonio Poli de Figueiredo Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Infections Journal of Clinical Medicine bacterial drug resistance bacteriophages biofilm endodontics <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| title | Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Infections |
| title_full | Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Infections |
| title_fullStr | Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Infections |
| title_short | Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Infections |
| title_sort | benefits and challenges of the use of two novel vb efa29212 2e and vb efa29212 3e bacteriophages in biocontrol of the root canal i enterococcus faecalis i infections |
| topic | bacterial drug resistance bacteriophages biofilm endodontics <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6494 |
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