Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review
The treatment landscape in oncology has witnessed a major revolution with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors: anti-PD1, anti-PDL1 and anti-CTLA-4. These agents enhance the immune response towards cancer cells instead of targeting the tumor itself, contrary to standard chemotherapy. Although l...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/6176 |
| _version_ | 1797555425221017600 |
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| author | Yolla Haibe Ziad El Husseini Rola El Sayed Ali Shamseddine |
| author_facet | Yolla Haibe Ziad El Husseini Rola El Sayed Ali Shamseddine |
| author_sort | Yolla Haibe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The treatment landscape in oncology has witnessed a major revolution with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors: anti-PD1, anti-PDL1 and anti-CTLA-4. These agents enhance the immune response towards cancer cells instead of targeting the tumor itself, contrary to standard chemotherapy. Although long-lasting durable responses have been observed with immune checkpoints inhibitors, the response rate remains relatively low in many cases. Some patients respond in the beginning but then eventually develop acquired resistance to treatment and progress. Other patients having primary resistance never respond. Multiple studies have been conducted to further elucidate these variations in response in different tumor types and different individuals. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and highlights the possible therapeutic approaches under investigation aiming to overcome such resistance in order to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:47:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb9e6808b17c4116b8594f36b91bbaac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:47:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb9e6808b17c4116b8594f36b91bbaac2023-11-20T11:30:45ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-08-012117617610.3390/ijms21176176Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic ReviewYolla Haibe0Ziad El Husseini1Rola El Sayed2Ali Shamseddine3Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, LebanonDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, LebanonDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, LebanonDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, LebanonThe treatment landscape in oncology has witnessed a major revolution with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors: anti-PD1, anti-PDL1 and anti-CTLA-4. These agents enhance the immune response towards cancer cells instead of targeting the tumor itself, contrary to standard chemotherapy. Although long-lasting durable responses have been observed with immune checkpoints inhibitors, the response rate remains relatively low in many cases. Some patients respond in the beginning but then eventually develop acquired resistance to treatment and progress. Other patients having primary resistance never respond. Multiple studies have been conducted to further elucidate these variations in response in different tumor types and different individuals. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and highlights the possible therapeutic approaches under investigation aiming to overcome such resistance in order to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/6176immune checkpointscheckpoint inhibitorsresistanceovercomemechanism of actiontumor micro-environment |
| spellingShingle | Yolla Haibe Ziad El Husseini Rola El Sayed Ali Shamseddine Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences immune checkpoints checkpoint inhibitors resistance overcome mechanism of action tumor micro-environment |
| title | Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | resisting resistance to immune checkpoint therapy a systematic review |
| topic | immune checkpoints checkpoint inhibitors resistance overcome mechanism of action tumor micro-environment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/6176 |
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