Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with MAP kinase signaling in Fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesis
Abstract Plant hormones are important for regulating growth, development, and plant-pathogen interactions. Some of them are inhibitory to growth of fungal pathogens but the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that hyphal growth of Fusarium graminearum was significantly reduced...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Stress Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-023-00109-x |
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| author | Kaili Duan Qifang Shen Yu Wang Ping Xiang Yutong Shi Chenfei Yang Cong Jiang Guanghui Wang Jin-Rong Xu Xue Zhang |
| author_facet | Kaili Duan Qifang Shen Yu Wang Ping Xiang Yutong Shi Chenfei Yang Cong Jiang Guanghui Wang Jin-Rong Xu Xue Zhang |
| author_sort | Kaili Duan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Plant hormones are important for regulating growth, development, and plant-pathogen interactions. Some of them are inhibitory to growth of fungal pathogens but the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that hyphal growth of Fusarium graminearum was significantly reduced by high concentrations of IAA and its metabolically stable analogue 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Besides inhibitory effects on growth rate, treatments with 2,4-D also caused significant reduction in conidiation, conidium germination, and germ tube growth. Treatments with 2,4-D had no obvious effect on sexual reproduction but significantly reduced TRI gene expression, toxisome formation, and DON production. More importantly, treatments with 2,4-D were inhibitory to infection structure formation and pathogenesis at concentrations higher than 100 µM. The presence of 1000 µM 2,4-D almost completely inhibited plant infection and invasive growth. In F. graminearum, 2,4-D induced ROS accumulation and FgHog1 activation but reduced the phosphorylation level of Gpmk1 MAP kinase. Metabolomics analysis showed that the accumulation of a number of metabolites such as glycerol and arabitol was increased by 2,4-D treatment in the wild type but not in the Fghog1 mutant. Transformants expressing the dominant active FgPBS2 S451D T455D allele were less sensitive to 2,4-D and had elevated levels of intracellular glycerol and arabitol induced by 2,4-D in PH-1. Taken together, our results showed that treatments with 2,4-D interfere with two important MAP kinase pathways and are inhibitory to hyphal growth, DON biosynthesis, and plant infection in F. graminearum. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:28:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eb9fec55709c42b58b52e069fce21576 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2731-0450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:28:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stress Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-eb9fec55709c42b58b52e069fce215762023-11-26T12:22:51ZengSpringerStress Biology2731-04502023-08-013111710.1007/s44154-023-00109-xHerbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with MAP kinase signaling in Fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesisKaili Duan0Qifang Shen1Yu Wang2Ping Xiang3Yutong Shi4Chenfei Yang5Cong Jiang6Guanghui Wang7Jin-Rong Xu8Xue Zhang9State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityDepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityAbstract Plant hormones are important for regulating growth, development, and plant-pathogen interactions. Some of them are inhibitory to growth of fungal pathogens but the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that hyphal growth of Fusarium graminearum was significantly reduced by high concentrations of IAA and its metabolically stable analogue 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Besides inhibitory effects on growth rate, treatments with 2,4-D also caused significant reduction in conidiation, conidium germination, and germ tube growth. Treatments with 2,4-D had no obvious effect on sexual reproduction but significantly reduced TRI gene expression, toxisome formation, and DON production. More importantly, treatments with 2,4-D were inhibitory to infection structure formation and pathogenesis at concentrations higher than 100 µM. The presence of 1000 µM 2,4-D almost completely inhibited plant infection and invasive growth. In F. graminearum, 2,4-D induced ROS accumulation and FgHog1 activation but reduced the phosphorylation level of Gpmk1 MAP kinase. Metabolomics analysis showed that the accumulation of a number of metabolites such as glycerol and arabitol was increased by 2,4-D treatment in the wild type but not in the Fghog1 mutant. Transformants expressing the dominant active FgPBS2 S451D T455D allele were less sensitive to 2,4-D and had elevated levels of intracellular glycerol and arabitol induced by 2,4-D in PH-1. Taken together, our results showed that treatments with 2,4-D interfere with two important MAP kinase pathways and are inhibitory to hyphal growth, DON biosynthesis, and plant infection in F. graminearum.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-023-00109-xFungal pathogenesisMAP kinase pathways2,4-DFusarium graminearum |
| spellingShingle | Kaili Duan Qifang Shen Yu Wang Ping Xiang Yutong Shi Chenfei Yang Cong Jiang Guanghui Wang Jin-Rong Xu Xue Zhang Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with MAP kinase signaling in Fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesis Stress Biology Fungal pathogenesis MAP kinase pathways 2,4-D Fusarium graminearum |
| title | Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with MAP kinase signaling in Fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesis |
| title_full | Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with MAP kinase signaling in Fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with MAP kinase signaling in Fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with MAP kinase signaling in Fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesis |
| title_short | Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with MAP kinase signaling in Fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesis |
| title_sort | herbicide 2 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with map kinase signaling in fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesis |
| topic | Fungal pathogenesis MAP kinase pathways 2,4-D Fusarium graminearum |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-023-00109-x |
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