Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity
Cysteamine (CS) is a vital antioxidant product and nutritional regulator that improves the productive performance of animals. A 2 × 4 factorial in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of the CS supplementation levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/g, based on substrate weight, on the rumi...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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author | Qichao Wu Hewei Chen Fan Zhang Weikang Wang Fengliang Xiong Yingyi Liu Liangkang Lv Wenjuan Li Yukun Bo Hongjian Yang |
author_facet | Qichao Wu Hewei Chen Fan Zhang Weikang Wang Fengliang Xiong Yingyi Liu Liangkang Lv Wenjuan Li Yukun Bo Hongjian Yang |
author_sort | Qichao Wu |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Cysteamine (CS) is a vital antioxidant product and nutritional regulator that improves the productive performance of animals. A 2 × 4 factorial in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of the CS supplementation levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/g, based on substrate weight, on the ruminal fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and microorganisms of a high-forage substrate (HF, forage:corn meal = 7:3) in the Statistical Analysis System Institute. After 48 h of incubation, the in vitro dry matter disappearance and gas production in the LF group were higher when compared with a low-forage substrate (LF, forge hay:corn meal = 3:7), which was analyzed via the use of the MIXED procedure of the HF group, and these increased linearly with the increasing CS supplementation (<i>p</i> < 0.01). With regard to rumen fermentation, the pH and acetate were lower in the LF group compared to the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). However, the ammonia N, microbial crude protein, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate in the LF group were greater than those in the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With the CS supplementation increasing, the pH, ammonia N, acetate, and A:P decreased linearly, while the microbial crude protein, total VFA, and propionate increased linearly (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Greater antioxidant capacity was observed in the LF group, and the increasing CS supplementation linearly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, and glutathione reductase, while it decreased the malondialdehyde (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No difference occurred in the ruminal bacteria alpha diversity with the increasing CS supplementation, but it was higher in the LF group than in the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Based on the rumen bacterial community, a higher proportion of <i>Bacteroidota</i>, instead of <i>Firmicutes</i>, was in the LF group than in the HF group. Furthermore, increasing the CS supplementation linearly increased the relative abundance of <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>norank_f_F082</i>, and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</i> under the two substrates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>norank_f_F082</i>, and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</i> were positively correlated with gas production, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant capacity in a Spearman correlation analysis (r > 0.31, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, a CS supplementation of not less than 20 mg/g based on substrate weight enhanced the rumen fermentation and rumen antioxidant capacity of the fermentation system, and it guided the rumen fermentation towards glucogenic propionate by enriching the <i>Prevotella</i> in <i>Bacteroidetes</i>. |
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spelling | doaj.art-eba6bdc785e54b808b523cfcadcb4b312023-11-24T07:31:54ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-11-011111223310.3390/antiox11112233Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant CapacityQichao Wu0Hewei Chen1Fan Zhang2Weikang Wang3Fengliang Xiong4Yingyi Liu5Liangkang Lv6Wenjuan Li7Yukun Bo8Hongjian Yang9State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaAnimal Husbandry Technology Promotion Institution of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou 075000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCysteamine (CS) is a vital antioxidant product and nutritional regulator that improves the productive performance of animals. A 2 × 4 factorial in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of the CS supplementation levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/g, based on substrate weight, on the ruminal fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and microorganisms of a high-forage substrate (HF, forage:corn meal = 7:3) in the Statistical Analysis System Institute. After 48 h of incubation, the in vitro dry matter disappearance and gas production in the LF group were higher when compared with a low-forage substrate (LF, forge hay:corn meal = 3:7), which was analyzed via the use of the MIXED procedure of the HF group, and these increased linearly with the increasing CS supplementation (<i>p</i> < 0.01). With regard to rumen fermentation, the pH and acetate were lower in the LF group compared to the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). However, the ammonia N, microbial crude protein, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate in the LF group were greater than those in the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With the CS supplementation increasing, the pH, ammonia N, acetate, and A:P decreased linearly, while the microbial crude protein, total VFA, and propionate increased linearly (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Greater antioxidant capacity was observed in the LF group, and the increasing CS supplementation linearly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, and glutathione reductase, while it decreased the malondialdehyde (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No difference occurred in the ruminal bacteria alpha diversity with the increasing CS supplementation, but it was higher in the LF group than in the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Based on the rumen bacterial community, a higher proportion of <i>Bacteroidota</i>, instead of <i>Firmicutes</i>, was in the LF group than in the HF group. Furthermore, increasing the CS supplementation linearly increased the relative abundance of <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>norank_f_F082</i>, and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</i> under the two substrates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>norank_f_F082</i>, and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</i> were positively correlated with gas production, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant capacity in a Spearman correlation analysis (r > 0.31, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, a CS supplementation of not less than 20 mg/g based on substrate weight enhanced the rumen fermentation and rumen antioxidant capacity of the fermentation system, and it guided the rumen fermentation towards glucogenic propionate by enriching the <i>Prevotella</i> in <i>Bacteroidetes</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2233cysteaminein vitro fermentationantioxidant capacityrumen microbes |
spellingShingle | Qichao Wu Hewei Chen Fan Zhang Weikang Wang Fengliang Xiong Yingyi Liu Liangkang Lv Wenjuan Li Yukun Bo Hongjian Yang Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity Antioxidants cysteamine in vitro fermentation antioxidant capacity rumen microbes |
title | Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity |
title_full | Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity |
title_fullStr | Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity |
title_full_unstemmed | Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity |
title_short | Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity |
title_sort | cysteamine supplementation in vitro remarkably promoted rumen fermentation efficiency towards propionate production via i prevotella i enrichment and enhancing antioxidant capacity |
topic | cysteamine in vitro fermentation antioxidant capacity rumen microbes |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2233 |
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