Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity

Cysteamine (CS) is a vital antioxidant product and nutritional regulator that improves the productive performance of animals. A 2 × 4 factorial in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of the CS supplementation levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/g, based on substrate weight, on the rumi...

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Main Authors: Qichao Wu, Hewei Chen, Fan Zhang, Weikang Wang, Fengliang Xiong, Yingyi Liu, Liangkang Lv, Wenjuan Li, Yukun Bo, Hongjian Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-11-01
Series:Antioxidants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2233
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author Qichao Wu
Hewei Chen
Fan Zhang
Weikang Wang
Fengliang Xiong
Yingyi Liu
Liangkang Lv
Wenjuan Li
Yukun Bo
Hongjian Yang
author_facet Qichao Wu
Hewei Chen
Fan Zhang
Weikang Wang
Fengliang Xiong
Yingyi Liu
Liangkang Lv
Wenjuan Li
Yukun Bo
Hongjian Yang
author_sort Qichao Wu
collection DOAJ
description Cysteamine (CS) is a vital antioxidant product and nutritional regulator that improves the productive performance of animals. A 2 × 4 factorial in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of the CS supplementation levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/g, based on substrate weight, on the ruminal fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and microorganisms of a high-forage substrate (HF, forage:corn meal = 7:3) in the Statistical Analysis System Institute. After 48 h of incubation, the in vitro dry matter disappearance and gas production in the LF group were higher when compared with a low-forage substrate (LF, forge hay:corn meal = 3:7), which was analyzed via the use of the MIXED procedure of the HF group, and these increased linearly with the increasing CS supplementation (<i>p</i> < 0.01). With regard to rumen fermentation, the pH and acetate were lower in the LF group compared to the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). However, the ammonia N, microbial crude protein, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate in the LF group were greater than those in the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With the CS supplementation increasing, the pH, ammonia N, acetate, and A:P decreased linearly, while the microbial crude protein, total VFA, and propionate increased linearly (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Greater antioxidant capacity was observed in the LF group, and the increasing CS supplementation linearly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, and glutathione reductase, while it decreased the malondialdehyde (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No difference occurred in the ruminal bacteria alpha diversity with the increasing CS supplementation, but it was higher in the LF group than in the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Based on the rumen bacterial community, a higher proportion of <i>Bacteroidota</i>, instead of <i>Firmicutes</i>, was in the LF group than in the HF group. Furthermore, increasing the CS supplementation linearly increased the relative abundance of <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>norank_f_F082</i>, and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</i> under the two substrates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>norank_f_F082</i>, and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</i> were positively correlated with gas production, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant capacity in a Spearman correlation analysis (r > 0.31, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, a CS supplementation of not less than 20 mg/g based on substrate weight enhanced the rumen fermentation and rumen antioxidant capacity of the fermentation system, and it guided the rumen fermentation towards glucogenic propionate by enriching the <i>Prevotella</i> in <i>Bacteroidetes</i>.
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spelling doaj.art-eba6bdc785e54b808b523cfcadcb4b312023-11-24T07:31:54ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-11-011111223310.3390/antiox11112233Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant CapacityQichao Wu0Hewei Chen1Fan Zhang2Weikang Wang3Fengliang Xiong4Yingyi Liu5Liangkang Lv6Wenjuan Li7Yukun Bo8Hongjian Yang9State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaAnimal Husbandry Technology Promotion Institution of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou 075000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCysteamine (CS) is a vital antioxidant product and nutritional regulator that improves the productive performance of animals. A 2 × 4 factorial in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of the CS supplementation levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/g, based on substrate weight, on the ruminal fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and microorganisms of a high-forage substrate (HF, forage:corn meal = 7:3) in the Statistical Analysis System Institute. After 48 h of incubation, the in vitro dry matter disappearance and gas production in the LF group were higher when compared with a low-forage substrate (LF, forge hay:corn meal = 3:7), which was analyzed via the use of the MIXED procedure of the HF group, and these increased linearly with the increasing CS supplementation (<i>p</i> < 0.01). With regard to rumen fermentation, the pH and acetate were lower in the LF group compared to the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). However, the ammonia N, microbial crude protein, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate in the LF group were greater than those in the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With the CS supplementation increasing, the pH, ammonia N, acetate, and A:P decreased linearly, while the microbial crude protein, total VFA, and propionate increased linearly (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Greater antioxidant capacity was observed in the LF group, and the increasing CS supplementation linearly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, and glutathione reductase, while it decreased the malondialdehyde (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No difference occurred in the ruminal bacteria alpha diversity with the increasing CS supplementation, but it was higher in the LF group than in the HF group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Based on the rumen bacterial community, a higher proportion of <i>Bacteroidota</i>, instead of <i>Firmicutes</i>, was in the LF group than in the HF group. Furthermore, increasing the CS supplementation linearly increased the relative abundance of <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>norank_f_F082</i>, and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</i> under the two substrates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>norank_f_F082</i>, and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</i> were positively correlated with gas production, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant capacity in a Spearman correlation analysis (r > 0.31, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, a CS supplementation of not less than 20 mg/g based on substrate weight enhanced the rumen fermentation and rumen antioxidant capacity of the fermentation system, and it guided the rumen fermentation towards glucogenic propionate by enriching the <i>Prevotella</i> in <i>Bacteroidetes</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2233cysteaminein vitro fermentationantioxidant capacityrumen microbes
spellingShingle Qichao Wu
Hewei Chen
Fan Zhang
Weikang Wang
Fengliang Xiong
Yingyi Liu
Liangkang Lv
Wenjuan Li
Yukun Bo
Hongjian Yang
Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity
Antioxidants
cysteamine
in vitro fermentation
antioxidant capacity
rumen microbes
title Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity
title_full Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity
title_fullStr Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity
title_full_unstemmed Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity
title_short Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via <i>Prevotella</i> Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity
title_sort cysteamine supplementation in vitro remarkably promoted rumen fermentation efficiency towards propionate production via i prevotella i enrichment and enhancing antioxidant capacity
topic cysteamine
in vitro fermentation
antioxidant capacity
rumen microbes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2233
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