Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies
Abstract Understanding and treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been a remarkable challenge for both scientists and physicians. Although the amyloid-beta and tau protein hypothesis have largely explained the key pathological features of the disease, the mechanisms by which such proteins accumulate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Molecular Neurodegeneration |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-023-00618-3 |
| _version_ | 1797840891341176832 |
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| author | Douglas A. Formolo Jiasui Yu Kangguang Lin Hector W. H. Tsang Haining Ou Georg S. Kranz Suk-Yu Yau |
| author_facet | Douglas A. Formolo Jiasui Yu Kangguang Lin Hector W. H. Tsang Haining Ou Georg S. Kranz Suk-Yu Yau |
| author_sort | Douglas A. Formolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Understanding and treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been a remarkable challenge for both scientists and physicians. Although the amyloid-beta and tau protein hypothesis have largely explained the key pathological features of the disease, the mechanisms by which such proteins accumulate and lead to disease progression are still unknown. Such lack of understanding disrupts the development of disease-modifying interventions, leaving a therapeutic gap that remains unsolved. Nonetheless, the recent discoveries of the glymphatic pathway and the meningeal lymphatic system as key components driving central solute clearance revealed another mechanism underlying AD pathogenesis. In this regard, this narrative review integrates the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as essential components involved in AD pathogenesis. Moreover, it discusses the emerging evidence suggesting that nutritional supplementation, non-invasive brain stimulation, and traditional Chinese medicine can improve the pathophysiology of the disease by increasing glymphatic and/or meningeal lymphatic function. Given that physical exercise is a well-regarded preventive and pro-cognitive intervention for dementia, we summarize the evidence suggesting the glymphatic system as a mediating mechanism of the physical exercise therapeutic effects in AD. Targeting these central solute clearance systems holds the promise of more effective treatment strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:22:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ebbdab6236dc4b8381a231e3ac9dabed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1750-1326 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:22:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Neurodegeneration |
| spelling | doaj.art-ebbdab6236dc4b8381a231e3ac9dabed2023-04-23T11:28:00ZengBMCMolecular Neurodegeneration1750-13262023-04-0118111810.1186/s13024-023-00618-3Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapiesDouglas A. Formolo0Jiasui Yu1Kangguang Lin2Hector W. H. Tsang3Haining Ou4Georg S. Kranz5Suk-Yu Yau6Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityAbstract Understanding and treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been a remarkable challenge for both scientists and physicians. Although the amyloid-beta and tau protein hypothesis have largely explained the key pathological features of the disease, the mechanisms by which such proteins accumulate and lead to disease progression are still unknown. Such lack of understanding disrupts the development of disease-modifying interventions, leaving a therapeutic gap that remains unsolved. Nonetheless, the recent discoveries of the glymphatic pathway and the meningeal lymphatic system as key components driving central solute clearance revealed another mechanism underlying AD pathogenesis. In this regard, this narrative review integrates the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as essential components involved in AD pathogenesis. Moreover, it discusses the emerging evidence suggesting that nutritional supplementation, non-invasive brain stimulation, and traditional Chinese medicine can improve the pathophysiology of the disease by increasing glymphatic and/or meningeal lymphatic function. Given that physical exercise is a well-regarded preventive and pro-cognitive intervention for dementia, we summarize the evidence suggesting the glymphatic system as a mediating mechanism of the physical exercise therapeutic effects in AD. Targeting these central solute clearance systems holds the promise of more effective treatment strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-023-00618-3Alzheimer’s diseaseGlymphatic systemMeningeal lymphaticsNutritionNon-invasive brain stimulationTraditional Chinese medicine |
| spellingShingle | Douglas A. Formolo Jiasui Yu Kangguang Lin Hector W. H. Tsang Haining Ou Georg S. Kranz Suk-Yu Yau Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies Molecular Neurodegeneration Alzheimer’s disease Glymphatic system Meningeal lymphatics Nutrition Non-invasive brain stimulation Traditional Chinese medicine |
| title | Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies |
| title_full | Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies |
| title_fullStr | Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies |
| title_short | Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies |
| title_sort | leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in alzheimer s disease an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease Glymphatic system Meningeal lymphatics Nutrition Non-invasive brain stimulation Traditional Chinese medicine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-023-00618-3 |
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