Differential Adaptation Has Resulted in Aggressiveness Variation of <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> on Hosts <i>Buxus</i>, <i>Pachysandra</i>, and <i>Sarcococca</i>
<i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> (<i>Cps</i>) infects <i>Buxus</i> (boxwood), <i>Pachysandra</i> (pachysandra), and <i>Sarcococca</i> spp. (sweet box); yet, how it adapts to its hosts has been unclear. Here, we performed serial passage e...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/2/181 |
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| author | Ping Kong Margery L. Daughtrey Chuanxue Hong |
| author_facet | Ping Kong Margery L. Daughtrey Chuanxue Hong |
| author_sort | Ping Kong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> (<i>Cps</i>) infects <i>Buxus</i> (boxwood), <i>Pachysandra</i> (pachysandra), and <i>Sarcococca</i> spp. (sweet box); yet, how it adapts to its hosts has been unclear. Here, we performed serial passage experiments with the three hosts and measured <i>Cps</i> changes in three aggressiveness components: infectibility, lesion size, and conidial production. The detached leaves of individual hosts were inoculated with isolates (P0) from the originating host, followed by nine serial inoculations of new leaves of the same host with conidia from the infected leaves of the previous inoculation. All boxwood isolates maintained their capability of infection and lesion expansion through the 10 passages, whereas most non-boxwood isolates lost these abilities during the passages. Isolates from plants of origin (*-P0) and their descendants isolated from passages 5 (*-P5) and 10 (*-P10) were used to evaluate aggressiveness changes on all three hosts with cross-inoculation. While post-passage boxwood isolates gave enlarged lesions on pachysandra, sweet box P5 and pachysandra P10 isolates showed reduced aggressiveness on all hosts. <i>Cps</i> appears to be most adapted to boxwood and less adapted to sweet box and pachysandra. These results suggest speciation of <i>Cps</i>, with its coevolutionary pace with the hosts the fastest with boxwood, intermediate with sweet box, and the slowest with pachysandra. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:36:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ebc0e2e5bc4c4e4dad0b1695caeea783 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:36:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-ebc0e2e5bc4c4e4dad0b1695caeea7832023-11-16T21:30:13ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-01-019218110.3390/jof9020181Differential Adaptation Has Resulted in Aggressiveness Variation of <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> on Hosts <i>Buxus</i>, <i>Pachysandra</i>, and <i>Sarcococca</i>Ping Kong0Margery L. Daughtrey1Chuanxue Hong2Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USALong Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY 11901, USAHampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA<i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> (<i>Cps</i>) infects <i>Buxus</i> (boxwood), <i>Pachysandra</i> (pachysandra), and <i>Sarcococca</i> spp. (sweet box); yet, how it adapts to its hosts has been unclear. Here, we performed serial passage experiments with the three hosts and measured <i>Cps</i> changes in three aggressiveness components: infectibility, lesion size, and conidial production. The detached leaves of individual hosts were inoculated with isolates (P0) from the originating host, followed by nine serial inoculations of new leaves of the same host with conidia from the infected leaves of the previous inoculation. All boxwood isolates maintained their capability of infection and lesion expansion through the 10 passages, whereas most non-boxwood isolates lost these abilities during the passages. Isolates from plants of origin (*-P0) and their descendants isolated from passages 5 (*-P5) and 10 (*-P10) were used to evaluate aggressiveness changes on all three hosts with cross-inoculation. While post-passage boxwood isolates gave enlarged lesions on pachysandra, sweet box P5 and pachysandra P10 isolates showed reduced aggressiveness on all hosts. <i>Cps</i> appears to be most adapted to boxwood and less adapted to sweet box and pachysandra. These results suggest speciation of <i>Cps</i>, with its coevolutionary pace with the hosts the fastest with boxwood, intermediate with sweet box, and the slowest with pachysandra.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/2/181plant–pathogen interactionboxwood (<i>Buxus</i>)pachysandrasweet box (<i>Sarcococca</i>)<i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> (<i>Cps</i>)host adaptation |
| spellingShingle | Ping Kong Margery L. Daughtrey Chuanxue Hong Differential Adaptation Has Resulted in Aggressiveness Variation of <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> on Hosts <i>Buxus</i>, <i>Pachysandra</i>, and <i>Sarcococca</i> Journal of Fungi plant–pathogen interaction boxwood (<i>Buxus</i>) pachysandra sweet box (<i>Sarcococca</i>) <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> (<i>Cps</i>) host adaptation |
| title | Differential Adaptation Has Resulted in Aggressiveness Variation of <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> on Hosts <i>Buxus</i>, <i>Pachysandra</i>, and <i>Sarcococca</i> |
| title_full | Differential Adaptation Has Resulted in Aggressiveness Variation of <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> on Hosts <i>Buxus</i>, <i>Pachysandra</i>, and <i>Sarcococca</i> |
| title_fullStr | Differential Adaptation Has Resulted in Aggressiveness Variation of <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> on Hosts <i>Buxus</i>, <i>Pachysandra</i>, and <i>Sarcococca</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Adaptation Has Resulted in Aggressiveness Variation of <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> on Hosts <i>Buxus</i>, <i>Pachysandra</i>, and <i>Sarcococca</i> |
| title_short | Differential Adaptation Has Resulted in Aggressiveness Variation of <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> on Hosts <i>Buxus</i>, <i>Pachysandra</i>, and <i>Sarcococca</i> |
| title_sort | differential adaptation has resulted in aggressiveness variation of i calonectria pseudonaviculata i on hosts i buxus i i pachysandra i and i sarcococca i |
| topic | plant–pathogen interaction boxwood (<i>Buxus</i>) pachysandra sweet box (<i>Sarcococca</i>) <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> (<i>Cps</i>) host adaptation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/2/181 |
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