LOADng-IoT: An Enhanced Routing Protocol for Internet of Things Applications over Low Power Networks

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm that proposes the connection of objects to exchange information in order to reach a common objective. In IoT networks, it is expected that the nodes will exchange data between each other and with external Internet services. However, due to deploym...

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Main Authors: José Sobral, Joel Rodrigues, Ricardo Rabelo, Kashif Saleem, Vasco Furtado
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-01-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/150
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author José Sobral
Joel Rodrigues
Ricardo Rabelo
Kashif Saleem
Vasco Furtado
author_facet José Sobral
Joel Rodrigues
Ricardo Rabelo
Kashif Saleem
Vasco Furtado
author_sort José Sobral
collection DOAJ
description The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm that proposes the connection of objects to exchange information in order to reach a common objective. In IoT networks, it is expected that the nodes will exchange data between each other and with external Internet services. However, due to deployment costs, not all the network devices are able to communicate with the Internet directly. Thus, other network nodes should use Internet-connected nodes as a gateway to forward messages to Internet services. Considering the fact that main routing protocols for low-power networks are not able to reach suitable performance in the displayed IoT environment, this work presents an enhancement to the Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol—Next Generation (LOADng) for IoT scenarios. The proposal, named LOADng-IoT, is based on three improvements that will allow the nodes to find Internet-connected nodes autonomously and dynamically, decreasing the control message overhead required for the route construction, and reducing the loss of data messages directed to the Internet. Based on the performed assessment study, which considered several number of nodes in dense, sparse, and mobility scenarios, the proposed approach is able to present significant results in metrics related to quality-of-service, reliability, and energy efficiency.
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spelling doaj.art-ebe4c2063b23413da2e6195a2ae744542022-12-22T02:57:13ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-01-0119115010.3390/s19010150s19010150LOADng-IoT: An Enhanced Routing Protocol for Internet of Things Applications over Low Power NetworksJosé Sobral0Joel Rodrigues1Ricardo Rabelo2Kashif Saleem3Vasco Furtado4Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalFederal University of Piauí, Teresina, Teresina-PI 64049-550, BrazilCenter of Excellence in Information Assurance (CoEIA), King Saud University, Riyadh 11653, Saudi ArabiaUniversity of Fortaleza (Unifor), Fortaleza 60811-905, Fortaleza, BrazilThe Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm that proposes the connection of objects to exchange information in order to reach a common objective. In IoT networks, it is expected that the nodes will exchange data between each other and with external Internet services. However, due to deployment costs, not all the network devices are able to communicate with the Internet directly. Thus, other network nodes should use Internet-connected nodes as a gateway to forward messages to Internet services. Considering the fact that main routing protocols for low-power networks are not able to reach suitable performance in the displayed IoT environment, this work presents an enhancement to the Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol—Next Generation (LOADng) for IoT scenarios. The proposal, named LOADng-IoT, is based on three improvements that will allow the nodes to find Internet-connected nodes autonomously and dynamically, decreasing the control message overhead required for the route construction, and reducing the loss of data messages directed to the Internet. Based on the performed assessment study, which considered several number of nodes in dense, sparse, and mobility scenarios, the proposed approach is able to present significant results in metrics related to quality-of-service, reliability, and energy efficiency.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/150internet of thingsLOADngLOADng-IoTlow power and lossy networksrouting protocol
spellingShingle José Sobral
Joel Rodrigues
Ricardo Rabelo
Kashif Saleem
Vasco Furtado
LOADng-IoT: An Enhanced Routing Protocol for Internet of Things Applications over Low Power Networks
Sensors
internet of things
LOADng
LOADng-IoT
low power and lossy networks
routing protocol
title LOADng-IoT: An Enhanced Routing Protocol for Internet of Things Applications over Low Power Networks
title_full LOADng-IoT: An Enhanced Routing Protocol for Internet of Things Applications over Low Power Networks
title_fullStr LOADng-IoT: An Enhanced Routing Protocol for Internet of Things Applications over Low Power Networks
title_full_unstemmed LOADng-IoT: An Enhanced Routing Protocol for Internet of Things Applications over Low Power Networks
title_short LOADng-IoT: An Enhanced Routing Protocol for Internet of Things Applications over Low Power Networks
title_sort loadng iot an enhanced routing protocol for internet of things applications over low power networks
topic internet of things
LOADng
LOADng-IoT
low power and lossy networks
routing protocol
url http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/150
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