Association between Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and the Prevalence of Sleep Problems in US Adults
Background: While mounting evidence suggests a connection between environmental contaminants and sleep problems, it remains uncertain whether exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) specifically is associated with such problems. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/3/222 |
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| author | Jianyun Sun Chunyan Gui Ya Xiao Runxue Ma Ce Liu Li He Hao Zhao Bin Luo |
| author_facet | Jianyun Sun Chunyan Gui Ya Xiao Runxue Ma Ce Liu Li He Hao Zhao Bin Luo |
| author_sort | Jianyun Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: While mounting evidence suggests a connection between environmental contaminants and sleep problems, it remains uncertain whether exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) specifically is associated with such problems. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey program’s five survey cycles (2005–2006, 2011–2018) were used to conduct cross-sectional research. Data on short sleep duration (SSD) and self-reported trouble sleeping were collected from questionnaire data. Data on urine VOCs were gathered from laboratory data. The association between urinary VOCs and sleep problems was examined using weighted generalized linear models and the restricted cubic spline (RCS), weighted quantile sum (WQS), and quantile-based g-calculation (QGC) methods. Results: In all, a total of 4131 general adult individuals were included in this study. The prevalence of SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping was 34.11% and 25.03%, respectively. 3,4-MHA, AAMA, AMCC, SBMA, and MA were risk factors for SSD after adjusting several covariates, with the largest effect being AMCC (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.02). Risk factors for sleep issues included AAMA, AMCC, CEMA, CYMA, DGBMA, 2HPMA, 3HPMA, MA, and PGA, with AMCC having the highest impact with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.22). Both the WQS model and the QGC model showed that the co-exposure to VOCs was positively associated with SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping, with AMCC being the most influential VOC. Conclusions: According to our research, high levels of single or mixed urine VOCs are linked to a higher prevalence of SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping in the general adult population of the United States. Further prospective and experimental studies are needed in the future to validate these potential relationships and explore the underlying mechanisms. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:47:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ebeb765fe83b43d6910fbae7d65928c32024-03-27T14:06:16ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-03-0112322210.3390/toxics12030222Association between Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and the Prevalence of Sleep Problems in US AdultsJianyun Sun0Chunyan Gui1Ya Xiao2Runxue Ma3Ce Liu4Li He5Hao Zhao6Bin Luo7Gansu Provincial Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaBackground: While mounting evidence suggests a connection between environmental contaminants and sleep problems, it remains uncertain whether exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) specifically is associated with such problems. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey program’s five survey cycles (2005–2006, 2011–2018) were used to conduct cross-sectional research. Data on short sleep duration (SSD) and self-reported trouble sleeping were collected from questionnaire data. Data on urine VOCs were gathered from laboratory data. The association between urinary VOCs and sleep problems was examined using weighted generalized linear models and the restricted cubic spline (RCS), weighted quantile sum (WQS), and quantile-based g-calculation (QGC) methods. Results: In all, a total of 4131 general adult individuals were included in this study. The prevalence of SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping was 34.11% and 25.03%, respectively. 3,4-MHA, AAMA, AMCC, SBMA, and MA were risk factors for SSD after adjusting several covariates, with the largest effect being AMCC (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.02). Risk factors for sleep issues included AAMA, AMCC, CEMA, CYMA, DGBMA, 2HPMA, 3HPMA, MA, and PGA, with AMCC having the highest impact with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.22). Both the WQS model and the QGC model showed that the co-exposure to VOCs was positively associated with SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping, with AMCC being the most influential VOC. Conclusions: According to our research, high levels of single or mixed urine VOCs are linked to a higher prevalence of SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping in the general adult population of the United States. Further prospective and experimental studies are needed in the future to validate these potential relationships and explore the underlying mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/3/222volatile organic compoundsshort sleep durationsleep problems |
| spellingShingle | Jianyun Sun Chunyan Gui Ya Xiao Runxue Ma Ce Liu Li He Hao Zhao Bin Luo Association between Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and the Prevalence of Sleep Problems in US Adults Toxics volatile organic compounds short sleep duration sleep problems |
| title | Association between Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and the Prevalence of Sleep Problems in US Adults |
| title_full | Association between Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and the Prevalence of Sleep Problems in US Adults |
| title_fullStr | Association between Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and the Prevalence of Sleep Problems in US Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and the Prevalence of Sleep Problems in US Adults |
| title_short | Association between Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and the Prevalence of Sleep Problems in US Adults |
| title_sort | association between exposure to volatile organic compounds and the prevalence of sleep problems in us adults |
| topic | volatile organic compounds short sleep duration sleep problems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/3/222 |
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