Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> Resistance
In the realm of modern aquaculture, the utilization of probiotics has gained prominence, primarily due to their ability to enhance growth, boost immunity, and prevent diseases in aquatic species. This study primarily investigates the efficacy of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strains, both hos...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/7/1062 |
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| author | Congjie Han Shizhen Song Congcong Cui Yan Cai Yongcan Zhou Jiawen Wang Weilie Bei Dongdong Zhang Weiliang Guo Shifeng Wang |
| author_facet | Congjie Han Shizhen Song Congcong Cui Yan Cai Yongcan Zhou Jiawen Wang Weilie Bei Dongdong Zhang Weiliang Guo Shifeng Wang |
| author_sort | Congjie Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the realm of modern aquaculture, the utilization of probiotics has gained prominence, primarily due to their ability to enhance growth, boost immunity, and prevent diseases in aquatic species. This study primarily investigates the efficacy of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strains, both host-derived and from other sources, in influencing fish growth, immunity, lipid metabolism, and disease resistance. Employing a 42-day feeding trial, we divided hybrid grouper into four distinct groups: a control group on a basal diet and three experimental groups supplemented with 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/g of different <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strains-BS, 6-3-1, and HAINUP40. Remarkably, the study demonstrated that the 6-3-1 and HAINUP40 groups exhibited significant enhancements across key growth parameters: final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The investigation into lipid metabolism revealed that the 6-3-1 strain upregulated seven metabolism-related genes, HAINUP40 affected four metabolism-related genes, and the BS strain influenced two metabolism-related genes, indicating diverse metabolic impacts by different strains. Further, a notable reduction in liver enzymes AST and ALT was observed across all supplemented groups, implying improved liver health. Noteworthy was the BS strain’s superior antioxidative capabilities, positively affecting all four measured parameters (CAT, GSH-Px, MDA). In the sphere of immune-related gene expression, the BS strain significantly decreased the expression of both inflammation and apoptosis-related genes, whereas the HAINUP40 strain demonstrated an upregulation in these genes. The challenge test results were particularly telling, showcasing improved survival rates against <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> infection in the BS and 6-3-1 groups, unlike the HAINUP40 group. These outcomes highlight the strain-specific nature of probiotics and their varying mechanisms of action within the host. In conclusion, this study reveals that probiotic strains, varying by source, demonstrate unique, strain-specific effects in promoting growth and modulating immunity in hybrid grouper. This research highlights the promise of tailored probiotic applications in improving aquaculture practices. Such advancements contribute to more sustainable and efficient fish farming methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:51:31Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:51:31Z |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-ebf333405fb34589838f5101fedf4a722024-04-12T13:14:15ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-03-01147106210.3390/ani14071062Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> ResistanceCongjie Han0Shizhen Song1Congcong Cui2Yan Cai3Yongcan Zhou4Jiawen Wang5Weilie Bei6Dongdong Zhang7Weiliang Guo8Shifeng Wang9Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaIn the realm of modern aquaculture, the utilization of probiotics has gained prominence, primarily due to their ability to enhance growth, boost immunity, and prevent diseases in aquatic species. This study primarily investigates the efficacy of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strains, both host-derived and from other sources, in influencing fish growth, immunity, lipid metabolism, and disease resistance. Employing a 42-day feeding trial, we divided hybrid grouper into four distinct groups: a control group on a basal diet and three experimental groups supplemented with 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/g of different <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strains-BS, 6-3-1, and HAINUP40. Remarkably, the study demonstrated that the 6-3-1 and HAINUP40 groups exhibited significant enhancements across key growth parameters: final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The investigation into lipid metabolism revealed that the 6-3-1 strain upregulated seven metabolism-related genes, HAINUP40 affected four metabolism-related genes, and the BS strain influenced two metabolism-related genes, indicating diverse metabolic impacts by different strains. Further, a notable reduction in liver enzymes AST and ALT was observed across all supplemented groups, implying improved liver health. Noteworthy was the BS strain’s superior antioxidative capabilities, positively affecting all four measured parameters (CAT, GSH-Px, MDA). In the sphere of immune-related gene expression, the BS strain significantly decreased the expression of both inflammation and apoptosis-related genes, whereas the HAINUP40 strain demonstrated an upregulation in these genes. The challenge test results were particularly telling, showcasing improved survival rates against <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> infection in the BS and 6-3-1 groups, unlike the HAINUP40 group. These outcomes highlight the strain-specific nature of probiotics and their varying mechanisms of action within the host. In conclusion, this study reveals that probiotic strains, varying by source, demonstrate unique, strain-specific effects in promoting growth and modulating immunity in hybrid grouper. This research highlights the promise of tailored probiotic applications in improving aquaculture practices. Such advancements contribute to more sustainable and efficient fish farming methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/7/1062<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>groupergrowthimmunitylipid metabolismdisease resistance |
| spellingShingle | Congjie Han Shizhen Song Congcong Cui Yan Cai Yongcan Zhou Jiawen Wang Weilie Bei Dongdong Zhang Weiliang Guo Shifeng Wang Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> Resistance Animals <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> grouper growth immunity lipid metabolism disease resistance |
| title | Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> Resistance |
| title_full | Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> Resistance |
| title_short | Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> Resistance |
| title_sort | strain specific benefits of i bacillus i probiotics in hybrid grouper growth enhancement metabolic health immune modulation and i vibrio harveyi i resistance |
| topic | <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> grouper growth immunity lipid metabolism disease resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/7/1062 |
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