Microsatellite Investigations of Multiple <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Sensu Stricto Cysts in Single Hosts Reveal Different Patterns of Infection Events between Livestock and Humans
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the cestode <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> sensu lato (s.l.) is a worldwide zoonosis and <i>E. granulosus</i> sensu stricto (s.s.) is the most common species associated with animal and human diseases. The objective of this study was to obt...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/6/444 |
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| author | Selim M’rad Myriam Oudni-M’rad Vanessa Bastid Laure Bournez Sana Mosbahi Abdelallatif Nouri Hamouda Babba Frédéric Grenouillet Franck Boué Gérald Umhang |
| author_facet | Selim M’rad Myriam Oudni-M’rad Vanessa Bastid Laure Bournez Sana Mosbahi Abdelallatif Nouri Hamouda Babba Frédéric Grenouillet Franck Boué Gérald Umhang |
| author_sort | Selim M’rad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the cestode <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> sensu lato (s.l.) is a worldwide zoonosis and <i>E. granulosus</i> sensu stricto (s.s.) is the most common species associated with animal and human diseases. The objective of this study was to obtain a better understanding of CE infection in livestock and humans from very low and high endemic areas—France and Tunisia—by studying the genetic diversity of <i>E. granulosus</i> s.s. at the intra-individual host level. This genetic diversity was studied using EgSca6 and EgSca11 microsatellite profiles in 93 sheep from France and Tunisia, and in 12 cattle and 31 children from Tunisia only, all presenting multiple CE cysts (2 to 10 cysts). Overall, 96% of sheep, 92% of cattle, and 48% of children had at least two cysts with different microsatellite profiles. Inversely, 35% of sheep, 17% of cattle, and 65% of children had at least two cysts with the same microsatellite profile. The genotyping results for the CE samples highlight high and similar genetic diversity in France and Tunisia, suggesting that the probability of being successively infected by CE of the same microsatellite profile was rare in both countries. Therefore, our results suggest that in rare cases, several eggs of the same microsatellite profile, from two to seven in our data, can be ingested simultaneously in a single infection event and develop into several cysts in livestock and children. They also indicate that multiple infection events are frequent in livestock, even in a low endemic country such as France, and are less frequent but not negligible in children in a high endemic country such as Tunisia. Moreover, this is the first time that genetic evidence of secondary CE has been found. Further studies are needed to better assess the pattern of infection events in livestock and humans, especially by studying the genetic diversity of adult worms in definitive hosts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:22:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec0675e967cd439b89ce7a3e606acfe3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:22:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec0675e967cd439b89ce7a3e606acfe32023-11-20T02:55:44ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-06-019644410.3390/pathogens9060444Microsatellite Investigations of Multiple <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Sensu Stricto Cysts in Single Hosts Reveal Different Patterns of Infection Events between Livestock and HumansSelim M’rad0Myriam Oudni-M’rad1Vanessa Bastid2Laure Bournez3Sana Mosbahi4Abdelallatif Nouri5Hamouda Babba6Frédéric Grenouillet7Franck Boué8Gérald Umhang9Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), LR12ES08, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, TunisiaLaboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), LR12ES08, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, TunisiaAnses LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for <i>Echinococcus</i> spp., 54220 Malzéville, FranceAnses LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for <i>Echinococcus</i> spp., 54220 Malzéville, FrancePaediatric Surgery Department, F. Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Medical School, Monastir 5000, TunisiaPaediatric Surgery Department, F. Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Medical School, Monastir 5000, TunisiaLaboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), LR12ES08, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, TunisiaChrono-Environnement UMR 6249 Research Team, CNRS-University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, FranceAnses LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for <i>Echinococcus</i> spp., 54220 Malzéville, FranceAnses LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for <i>Echinococcus</i> spp., 54220 Malzéville, FranceCystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the cestode <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> sensu lato (s.l.) is a worldwide zoonosis and <i>E. granulosus</i> sensu stricto (s.s.) is the most common species associated with animal and human diseases. The objective of this study was to obtain a better understanding of CE infection in livestock and humans from very low and high endemic areas—France and Tunisia—by studying the genetic diversity of <i>E. granulosus</i> s.s. at the intra-individual host level. This genetic diversity was studied using EgSca6 and EgSca11 microsatellite profiles in 93 sheep from France and Tunisia, and in 12 cattle and 31 children from Tunisia only, all presenting multiple CE cysts (2 to 10 cysts). Overall, 96% of sheep, 92% of cattle, and 48% of children had at least two cysts with different microsatellite profiles. Inversely, 35% of sheep, 17% of cattle, and 65% of children had at least two cysts with the same microsatellite profile. The genotyping results for the CE samples highlight high and similar genetic diversity in France and Tunisia, suggesting that the probability of being successively infected by CE of the same microsatellite profile was rare in both countries. Therefore, our results suggest that in rare cases, several eggs of the same microsatellite profile, from two to seven in our data, can be ingested simultaneously in a single infection event and develop into several cysts in livestock and children. They also indicate that multiple infection events are frequent in livestock, even in a low endemic country such as France, and are less frequent but not negligible in children in a high endemic country such as Tunisia. Moreover, this is the first time that genetic evidence of secondary CE has been found. Further studies are needed to better assess the pattern of infection events in livestock and humans, especially by studying the genetic diversity of adult worms in definitive hosts.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/6/444cystic echinococcosis<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> sensu strictomicrosatelliteintra-individual genetic diversityinfection eventrecurrence |
| spellingShingle | Selim M’rad Myriam Oudni-M’rad Vanessa Bastid Laure Bournez Sana Mosbahi Abdelallatif Nouri Hamouda Babba Frédéric Grenouillet Franck Boué Gérald Umhang Microsatellite Investigations of Multiple <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Sensu Stricto Cysts in Single Hosts Reveal Different Patterns of Infection Events between Livestock and Humans Pathogens cystic echinococcosis <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> sensu stricto microsatellite intra-individual genetic diversity infection event recurrence |
| title | Microsatellite Investigations of Multiple <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Sensu Stricto Cysts in Single Hosts Reveal Different Patterns of Infection Events between Livestock and Humans |
| title_full | Microsatellite Investigations of Multiple <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Sensu Stricto Cysts in Single Hosts Reveal Different Patterns of Infection Events between Livestock and Humans |
| title_fullStr | Microsatellite Investigations of Multiple <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Sensu Stricto Cysts in Single Hosts Reveal Different Patterns of Infection Events between Livestock and Humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microsatellite Investigations of Multiple <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Sensu Stricto Cysts in Single Hosts Reveal Different Patterns of Infection Events between Livestock and Humans |
| title_short | Microsatellite Investigations of Multiple <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Sensu Stricto Cysts in Single Hosts Reveal Different Patterns of Infection Events between Livestock and Humans |
| title_sort | microsatellite investigations of multiple i echinococcus granulosus i sensu stricto cysts in single hosts reveal different patterns of infection events between livestock and humans |
| topic | cystic echinococcosis <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> sensu stricto microsatellite intra-individual genetic diversity infection event recurrence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/6/444 |
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