Advances in Human Norovirus Vaccine Research
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, which is highly stable and contagious, with a few virus particles being sufficient to establish infection. Although the World Health Organization in 2016 stated that it should be an absolute priority to develop a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/7/732 |
| _version_ | 1797526016250347520 |
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| author | Mudan Zhang Ming Fu Qinxue Hu |
| author_facet | Mudan Zhang Ming Fu Qinxue Hu |
| author_sort | Mudan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, which is highly stable and contagious, with a few virus particles being sufficient to establish infection. Although the World Health Organization in 2016 stated that it should be an absolute priority to develop a HuNoV vaccine, unfortunately, there is currently no licensed HuNoV vaccine available. The major barrier to the development of an effective HuNoV vaccine is the lack of a robust and reproducible in vitro cultivation system. To develop a HuNoV vaccine, HuNoV immunogen alone or in combination with other viral immunogens have been designed to assess whether they can simultaneously induce protective immune responses against different viruses. Additionally, monovalent and multivalent vaccines from different HuNoV genotypes, including GI and GII HuNoV virus-like particles (VLPs), have been assessed in order to induce broad protection. Although there are several HuNoV vaccine candidates based on VLPs that are being tested in clinical trials, the challenges to develop effective HuNoV vaccines remain largely unresolved. In this review, we summarize the advances of the HuNoV cultivation system and HuNoV vaccine research and discuss current challenges and future perspectives in HuNoV vaccine development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:21:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec0d59800ac04451a1e21224d4eaf209 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:21:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec0d59800ac04451a1e21224d4eaf2092023-11-22T05:12:11ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-07-019773210.3390/vaccines9070732Advances in Human Norovirus Vaccine ResearchMudan Zhang0Ming Fu1Qinxue Hu2Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, ChinaThe Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, ChinaHuman norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, which is highly stable and contagious, with a few virus particles being sufficient to establish infection. Although the World Health Organization in 2016 stated that it should be an absolute priority to develop a HuNoV vaccine, unfortunately, there is currently no licensed HuNoV vaccine available. The major barrier to the development of an effective HuNoV vaccine is the lack of a robust and reproducible in vitro cultivation system. To develop a HuNoV vaccine, HuNoV immunogen alone or in combination with other viral immunogens have been designed to assess whether they can simultaneously induce protective immune responses against different viruses. Additionally, monovalent and multivalent vaccines from different HuNoV genotypes, including GI and GII HuNoV virus-like particles (VLPs), have been assessed in order to induce broad protection. Although there are several HuNoV vaccine candidates based on VLPs that are being tested in clinical trials, the challenges to develop effective HuNoV vaccines remain largely unresolved. In this review, we summarize the advances of the HuNoV cultivation system and HuNoV vaccine research and discuss current challenges and future perspectives in HuNoV vaccine development.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/7/732human norovirusacute gastroenteritisHuNoV vaccineVLPsculture system |
| spellingShingle | Mudan Zhang Ming Fu Qinxue Hu Advances in Human Norovirus Vaccine Research Vaccines human norovirus acute gastroenteritis HuNoV vaccine VLPs culture system |
| title | Advances in Human Norovirus Vaccine Research |
| title_full | Advances in Human Norovirus Vaccine Research |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Human Norovirus Vaccine Research |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Human Norovirus Vaccine Research |
| title_short | Advances in Human Norovirus Vaccine Research |
| title_sort | advances in human norovirus vaccine research |
| topic | human norovirus acute gastroenteritis HuNoV vaccine VLPs culture system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/7/732 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mudanzhang advancesinhumannorovirusvaccineresearch AT mingfu advancesinhumannorovirusvaccineresearch AT qinxuehu advancesinhumannorovirusvaccineresearch |