Phenyllactic Acid Produced by <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> Reduces <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration
<i>Fusarium</i> <i>sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> are present in barley crops. Their toxic metabolites, mainly T-2 toxin, affect the quality and safety of raw material and final products such as beer. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce <i>Fus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/4/209 |
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| author | Hiba Kawtharani Selma Pascale Snini Sorphea Heang Jalloul Bouajila Patricia Taillandier Florence Mathieu Sandra Beaufort |
| author_facet | Hiba Kawtharani Selma Pascale Snini Sorphea Heang Jalloul Bouajila Patricia Taillandier Florence Mathieu Sandra Beaufort |
| author_sort | Hiba Kawtharani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Fusarium</i> <i>sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> are present in barley crops. Their toxic metabolites, mainly T-2 toxin, affect the quality and safety of raw material and final products such as beer. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce <i>Fusarium spp</i>. proliferation and T-2 toxin contamination during the brewing process. The addition of <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> has been previously demonstrated to reduce the proliferation of <i>Fusarium spp</i>. and the production of toxic metabolites, but the mechanism of action is still not known. Thus, this study focuses on the elucidation of the interaction mechanism between <i>G.</i> <i>candidum</i> and <i>Fusarium spp</i>. in order to improve this bioprocess. First, over a period of 168 h, the co-culture kinetics showed an almost 90% reduction in T-2 toxin concentration, starting at 24 h. Second, sequential cultures lead to a reduction in <i>Fusarium</i> growth and T-2 toxin concentration. Simultaneously, it was demonstrated that <i>G. candidum</i> produces phenyllactic acid (PLA) at the early stages of growth, which could potentially be responsible for the reduction in <i>Fusarium</i> growth and T-2 toxin concentration. To prove the PLA effect, <i>F. sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F.</i> <i>langsethiae</i> were cultivated in PLA supplemented medium. The expected results were achieved with 0.3 g/L of PLA. These promising results contribute to a better understanding of the bioprocess, allowing its optimization at an up-scaled industrial level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:49:05Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:49:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec0ebecab6144257af0937edcc01bcba2022-12-22T04:23:15ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-03-0112420910.3390/toxins12040209toxins12040209Phenyllactic Acid Produced by <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> Reduces <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> Growth and T-2 Toxin ConcentrationHiba Kawtharani0Selma Pascale Snini1Sorphea Heang2Jalloul Bouajila3Patricia Taillandier4Florence Mathieu5Sandra Beaufort6Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse CEDEX 31326, FranceLaboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse CEDEX 31326, FranceLaboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse CEDEX 31326, FranceLaboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse CEDEX 31326, FranceLaboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse CEDEX 31326, FranceLaboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse CEDEX 31326, FranceLaboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse CEDEX 31326, France<i>Fusarium</i> <i>sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> are present in barley crops. Their toxic metabolites, mainly T-2 toxin, affect the quality and safety of raw material and final products such as beer. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce <i>Fusarium spp</i>. proliferation and T-2 toxin contamination during the brewing process. The addition of <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> has been previously demonstrated to reduce the proliferation of <i>Fusarium spp</i>. and the production of toxic metabolites, but the mechanism of action is still not known. Thus, this study focuses on the elucidation of the interaction mechanism between <i>G.</i> <i>candidum</i> and <i>Fusarium spp</i>. in order to improve this bioprocess. First, over a period of 168 h, the co-culture kinetics showed an almost 90% reduction in T-2 toxin concentration, starting at 24 h. Second, sequential cultures lead to a reduction in <i>Fusarium</i> growth and T-2 toxin concentration. Simultaneously, it was demonstrated that <i>G. candidum</i> produces phenyllactic acid (PLA) at the early stages of growth, which could potentially be responsible for the reduction in <i>Fusarium</i> growth and T-2 toxin concentration. To prove the PLA effect, <i>F. sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F.</i> <i>langsethiae</i> were cultivated in PLA supplemented medium. The expected results were achieved with 0.3 g/L of PLA. These promising results contribute to a better understanding of the bioprocess, allowing its optimization at an up-scaled industrial level.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/4/209phenyllactic acidbiocontrol agentt-2 toxin<i>f. langsethiae</i><i>f. sporotrichioides</i>g. candidummycotoxin. |
| spellingShingle | Hiba Kawtharani Selma Pascale Snini Sorphea Heang Jalloul Bouajila Patricia Taillandier Florence Mathieu Sandra Beaufort Phenyllactic Acid Produced by <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> Reduces <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration Toxins phenyllactic acid biocontrol agent t-2 toxin <i>f. langsethiae</i> <i>f. sporotrichioides</i> g. candidum mycotoxin. |
| title | Phenyllactic Acid Produced by <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> Reduces <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration |
| title_full | Phenyllactic Acid Produced by <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> Reduces <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration |
| title_fullStr | Phenyllactic Acid Produced by <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> Reduces <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenyllactic Acid Produced by <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> Reduces <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration |
| title_short | Phenyllactic Acid Produced by <i>Geotrichum candidum</i> Reduces <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> and <i>F. langsethiae</i> Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration |
| title_sort | phenyllactic acid produced by i geotrichum candidum i reduces i fusarium sporotrichioides i and i f langsethiae i growth and t 2 toxin concentration |
| topic | phenyllactic acid biocontrol agent t-2 toxin <i>f. langsethiae</i> <i>f. sporotrichioides</i> g. candidum mycotoxin. |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/4/209 |
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